35. [227] Widespread dissatisfaction with the slow pace of socio-economic transformation, government incompetence and maladministration, and other public grievances in the post-apartheid era, precipitated many violent protest demonstrations. Following Lord Carnarvon's successful introduction of federation in Canada, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa. [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. [155], From 1948, successive National Party administrations formalised and extended the existing system of racial discrimination and denial of human rights into the legal system of apartheid,[156] which lasted until 1991. It authorised the forced evictions of thousands of African people from urban centres in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) to what became described colloquially as "Bantustans" or the "original homes", as they were officially referred to, of the black tribes of South Africa. A significant number of the offspring from the white and slave unions were absorbed into the local proto-Afrikaans speaking white population. The British elements strongly supported the war, and formed by far the largest military component. This list of 100 African girl names includes their meanings, variations, and countries of origin. South African Broadcasting Corporation and South African History Archive, Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53, Learn how and when to remove this template message, migrated from the western region of central Africa, Maritime history of the Dutch East India Company, Military history of the Dutch East India Company, Flag of the Republic of the Orange Free State, Military history of South Africa during World War I, Military history of South Africa during World War II, South African Institute of Race Relations, Timeline of liberal parties in South Africa, "Portuguese & Dutch Exploration of South Africa", "Dutch East India Company (DEIC)/VOC | South African History Online", "mtDNA variation in the South African Kung and Khwe, and their genetic relationships to other African populations", "History of click-speaking populations of Africa inferred from mtDNA and Y chromosome genetic variation", "The archaeology of indigenous herders in the Western Cape of South Africa", "Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights from Human Paternal Lineages", "The archaeological evidence for the appearance of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa", "The Untold Stories of Slavery at Cape Town's Iziko Slave Lodge", "South Africa - British occupation of the Cape | Britannica", https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/batavian-republic-1803-1806, "A Tempest In A Teapot? There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. A key act of legislation during this time was the Homeland Citizens Act of 1970. Truth Commission Special Report: APLA attacks. Likewise the Indian element (led by Mahatma Gandhi) generally supported the war effort. In 1878, Waterboer led an unsuccessful rebellion against the colonial authorities, for which he was arrested and briefly exiled.[76]. It is also a given name in Kerala. Between 19601994, according to statistics from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the Inkatha Freedom Party was responsible for 4,500 deaths, South African Police 2,700, and the ANC about 1,300. Gill: Gill is a Punjabi surname. [145], The early-1940s saw the pro-Nazi Ossewa Brandwag (OB) movement become half-a-million strong, including future prime minister John Vorster and Hendrik van den Bergh, the future head of police intelligence. [199] From the 1960s onwards until 1989, MK carried out numerous acts of sabotage and attacks on military and police personnel. In order to prevent UNITA's collapse and cement the rule of a friendly government, South Africa intervened on 23 October, sending between 1,500 and 2,000 troops from Namibia into southern Angola in order to fight the MPLA. The settlement of southern Africa by the Khoisan corresponds to the earliest separation of the extant Homo sapiens populations altogether, associated in genetic science with what is described in scientific terms as matrilinear haplogroup L0 (mtDNA) and patrilinear haplogroup A (Y-DNA), originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. Nala Origin: Somali, African Meaning: Us Alternative Spellings & Variations: Naala, Nale, Nahla, Nalla [228] The slow pace of transformation also fomented tensions within the tripartite alliance between the ANC, the Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions.[229]. Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. Southern Africa was later populated by Bantu-speaking people who migrated from the western region of central Africa during the early centuries AD. The police and military who controlled the JMCs by the mid-1980s were endowed with influence in decision-making at every level, from the Cabinet down to local government. The provision of ARV treatment resulted in 100,000 fewer AIDS-related deaths in 2011 than in 2005. Chidubem - This name is Igbo for "God is my guide." Igwe - Many Igbo people in South Africa have this last name. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. When the British refused, Kruger declared war. "[215], Following the ANC's electoral victory in 1994, the eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented. [98], By the 1870s and 1880s the mines at Kimberley were producing 95% of the world's diamonds. -- Cape Town : H. Timmins, 1965. Available at, Edgerton, Robert B, Africa's armies: from honor to infamy: a history from 1791 to the present (2002) p.109. In 1836, when Boer Voortrekkers (pioneers) arrived in the northwestern part of present-day South Africa, they came into conflict with a Ndebele sub-group that the settlers named "Matabele", under chief Mzilikazi. The stat was also shown on television, which . The Boers took a defensive position with the high banks of the Ncome River forming a natural barrier to their rear with their ox waggons as barricades between themselves and the attacking Zulu army. Some members of the Torch Commando subsequently became leading figures in the armed wing of the banned African National Congress. Abbas - Origin: An Arabic name found throughout Algeria. [240][241], The post-apartheid period has been marked by numerous outbreaks of xenophobic attacks against foreign migrants and asylum seekers from various conflict zones in Africa. This led to conflict between the Basotho and the British, who were defeated by Moshoeshoe's warriors at the battle of Viervoet in 1851. Germany's Ludwig Loewe company, later known as Deutsche Waffen-und Munitionfabriken, delivered 55,000 of these rifles to the Boers in 1896. In the eastern part of what is today South Africa, in the region named Natalia by the Boer trekkers, the latter negotiated an agreement with Zulu King Dingane kaSenzangakhona allowing the Boers to settle in part of the then Zulu kingdom. Means "gratitude" in Sotho. The first modern humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. Large corporations were allowed to shift their main listings abroad. People with the surname include: Alexander du Toit (1878-1948), South African geologist Anri du Toit aka Yolandi Visser, South African musician The rebellion was suppressed, and at least one officer was sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. [52], The South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek or ZAR, not to be confused with the much later Republic of South Africa), is often referred to as The Transvaal and sometimes as the Republic of Transvaal. 78. In 1854, it was granted its first locally elected legislature, the Cape Parliament. [91], The Bapedi wars, also known as the Sekhukhune wars, consisted of three separate campaigns fought between 1876 and 1879 against the Bapedi under their reigning monarch King Sekhukhune I, in the northeastern region known as Sekhukhuneland, bordering on Swaziland. It has, however, been verified that 17,182 black people died mainly of diseases in the Cape concentration camps alone, but this figure is not accepted historically as a true reflection of the overall numbers. Snyman Afrikaans Afrikaans version of the German surname Schneider, which is German for tailor. They saw this as the best way to come to terms with the fact of a white Afrikaner majority, as well as to promote their larger strategic interests in the area. Page 1 2. The 1820s saw a time of immense upheaval relating to the military expansion of the Zulu Kingdom, which replaced the original African clan system with kingdoms. Multi-national mining corporations including Anglo-American Corporation, Lonmin, and Anglo Platinum, were accused of failing to address the enduring legacies of apartheid. The country became a fully sovereign nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. Kruger rejected the British demand and called for the withdrawal of British troops from the borders of the South African Republic. It is among the most common African last names. The ANC had risen to power on the strength of a socialist agenda embodied in a Freedom Charter, which was intended to form the basis of ANC social, economic and political policies. A total of 616 men from the Fifth Battalion of the SANLC drowned on 21 February 1917 when the troopship SS Mendi, on which they were being transported to France, collided with another vessel near the Isle of Wight. 1709 by Zulu kaNtombela. The descendants of unions between the Dutch settlers and the Khoi-San and Malay slaves became known officially as the Cape Coloureds and the Cape Malays, respectively. Specifics of the contact between Bantu-speakers and the indigenous Khoisan ethnic group remain largely unresearched, although linguistic proof of assimilation exists, as several southern Bantu languages (notably Xhosa and Zulu) are theorised in that they incorporate many click consonants from the Khoisan languages, as possibilities of such developing independently are valid as well. South African surnames. Some groups, ancestral to today's Nguni peoples (the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and Ndebele), preferred to live near the eastern coast of what is present-day South Africa. It marked the beginning of nine years of British intervention in the affairs of the region, which the British named Transorange. A succession of wars were conducted between the Boers and the Basotho for the next 10 years. Afumba (Zambian origin) meaning "when they plan". [26] Many Portuguese words are still found along the coast of South Africa including Saldanha, Algoa, Natal, Agulhas, Benguela and Lucia. [217], The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid crime related safety concerns. Wilson Center Digital Archives, International History Declassified, Inge Tvedten, Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction, SIPRI Yearbook: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. The prisoners were mainly members of the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front.[209]. [72] East Griqualand was subsequently annexed by Britain in 1874 and incorporated into the Cape Colony in 1879. Under the post-apartheid Constitution the president is head of both state and government. [80], The increasing economic involvement of the British in southern Africa from the 1820s, and especially following the discovery of first diamonds at Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal, resulted in pressure for land and African labour, and led to increasingly tense relations with Southern African states.[40]. Mokopane and his followers, anticipating retaliation by the settlers, retreated into the mountain caves known as Gwasa, (or Makapansgat in Afrikaans). The first 1,000 indentured Chinese labourers arrived in June 1904. At its peak in 1987, the UDF had some 700 affiliates and about 3,000,000 members. 2. An academic study conducted in 2006, found that South Africans showed levels of xenophobia greater than anywhere else in the world. Infographic: Top African Surnames Rich In History And Culture Most Popular African Last Names Or Surnames 1. (2014). Mannan: Mannan is a Hindu surname meaning 'king' in Tamil. It has been estimated that the total number of British and colonial troops deployed in South Africa during the war outnumbered the population of the two Boer Republics by more than 150,000. It means "leaves" (verb) in Swahili. [122], The AngloBoer War affected all ethnic groups in South Africa. Guelke, Leonard (1976). By 1952, the brief flame of mass-based white radicalism was extinguished, when the Torch Commando disbanded due to government legislation under the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). The Ibibio name Akpan means firstborn son. [97] No material benefits accrued to the Griquas as a result of either colonisation or annexation; they did not receive any share of the diamond wealth generated at Kimberley. The Freeman surname origin was from the person who was a freeman, one who was not a serf and thus had certain rights. It caused the consolidation of groups such as the Matebele, the Mfengu and the Makololo. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. Paul Kruger, one of the leaders of the uprising, became President of the ZAR in 1883. [11][12][13], The San and Khoikhoi are essentially distinguished only by their respective occupations. The African National Congress won, well ahead of the governing National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party. [64], Over the next 50 years, 150,000 more indentured Indian servants and labourers arrived, as well as numerous free "passenger Indians," building the base for what would become the largest Indian diasporic community outside India. Colin Newbury, "Technology, Capital, and Consolidation: The Performance of De Beers Mining Company Limited, 18801889". [24], Colonel Robert Jacob Gordon of the Dutch East India Company was the first European to explore parts of the interior while commanding the Dutch garrison at the renamed Cape of Good Hope, from 1780 to 1795. [24] The free burghers were ex-VOC soldiers and gardeners, who were unable to return to Holland when their contracts were completed with the VOC. [157], Although many important events occurred during this period, apartheid remained the central pivot around which most of the historical issues of this period revolved, including violent conflict and the militarisation of South African society. 127. The British High Commission territories of Basutoland (now Lesotho), Bechuanaland (now Botswana), and Swaziland (now Eswatini) continued under direct rule from Britain. [235] Other corruption related scandals to emerge during this period included the collapse of VBS Mutual Bank[236] and Bosasa. [144] He returned in 1923, and continued working in the Union of South Africa as a German Spy for the Third Reich. Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. The Democratic Party and Pan Africanist Congress, among others, formed a parliamentary opposition in the country's first non-racial parliament. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more. Teboho m Southern African, Sotho. Blignaut, Charl. [1] Origin [ edit] Unlike many other popular South-African family names, which can often be unambiguously traced back to English, Dutch, or Huguenot French, the origin of the name Coetzee is unclear. By 1987, total military expenditure amounted to about 28% of the national budget. [40], Various theories have been advanced for the causes of the difaqane, ranging from ecological factors to competition in the ivory trade. In 1818 differences between two Xhosa leaders, Ndlambe and Ngqika, ended in Ngqika's defeat, but the British continued to recognise Ngqika as the paramount chief. [62], By the end of 1847, following annexation by Britain of the former Boer republic of Natalia, nearly all the Boers had left their former republic, which the British renamed Natal. Kaya (Southern African origin), meaning "restful place," and is a Zulu name pronounced KAH-yah. British sovereignty of the area was recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Dutch accepting a payment of 6 million pounds for the colony. There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status. This did not prevent the outbreak of a Second AngloBoer war. Mannan is also a Muslim surname. Da Gama gave the name Natal to the coast he was passing, which in Portuguese means Christmas. Pages in category "Afrikaans-language surnames" The following 148 pages are in this category, out of 148 total. Smiths created objects of iron, copper and gold both for local decorative use and for foreign trade. [114] The decision was made to start importing Chinese indentured labourers who were prepared to work for far less wages than local African labourers. By 1902, 26,000 Boer women and children had died of disease and neglect in the camps. The colony, with an estimated population of less than 400,000 in 1904[56] ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. [125], Among other harsh segregationist laws, including denial of voting rights to black people, the Union parliament enacted the 1913 Natives' Land Act, which earmarked only eight percent of South Africa's available land for black occupancy. A president may serve a maximum of two terms. Thousands more served in the British Army directly, with over 3,000 joining the British Royal Flying Corps and over 100 volunteering for the Royal Navy. [138] By August 1945, South African Air Force aircraft in conjunction with British and Dutch aircraft stationed in South Africa had intercepted 17 enemy ships, assisted in the rescue of 437 survivors of sunken ships, attacked 26 of the 36 enemy submarines operating the vicinity of the South African coast, and flown 15,000 coastal patrol sorties. [189], Both South Africa and Cuba claimed victory at the decisive battle of Cuito Cuanavale, which have been described as "the fiercest in Africa since World War II". Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) was introduced . "Untold History with a Historiography: A Review of Scholarship on Afrikaner Women in South African History.". When he did not pay the fine in full, a battle broke out on the Berea Plateau in 1852, where the British suffered heavy losses. Rhodes and Rudd had earlier made fortunes from diamond mining at Kimberley. Elphick, Richard; Giliomee, Hermann (eds. [28] The VOC also brought some 71,000 slaves to Cape Town from India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar.[29]. APLA denied the attacks were racist in character, claiming that the attacks were directed against the apartheid government as all whites, according to the PAC, were complicit in the policy of apartheid. [210] Both sides were forced to the negotiating table, with the result that in June 1991, all apartheid laws were finally rescinded- opening the way for the country's first multiracial democratic elections three years later. After lengthy negotiations under the auspices of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), a draft constitution was published on 26 July 1993, containing concessions towards all sides: a federal system of regional legislatures, equal voting-rights regardless of race, and a bicameral legislature. Family Education is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational reference sites for parents, teachers, and students. The Bantu expansion was one of the major demographic movements in human prehistory, sweeping much of the African continent during the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. Last names come from indigenous, colonialist, and diasporic roots. The South African Institute of Race Relations estimated in 2008 that 800,000 or more white people had emigrated since 1995, out of the approximately 4,000,000 who were in South Africa when apartheid formally ended the year before. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late-1980s meant the African National Congress (ANC) in alliance with the South African Communist Party, could no longer depend on the Soviet Union for weaponry and political support. Van der Merwe is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Dutch van der Merwen ("from the Merwede"). "[185] The Angolan government described the target of the attack as a refugee camp. 'The quantitative Cape: A review of the new historiography of the Dutch Cape Colony', South African Historical Journal 66.1, 2014, pp. Prinsloo is an Afrikaans surname. In 1854, the British handed over the territory to the Boers through the signing of the Sand River Convention. 3,481 st most common surname in the world and it is an alternative spelling of Naidu. [128], In 1924 the Afrikaner-dominated National Party came to power in a coalition government with the Labour Party. FamilyEducation does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The survivors were captured and allegedly enslaved. [214] ANC icon Nelson Mandela, asserted in a statement released on 25 January 1990: "The nationalisation of the mines, banks and monopoly industries is the policy of the ANC, and a change or modification of our views in this regard is inconceivable. [159], On 16 December 1966, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2202 A (XXI) identified apartheid as a "crime against humanity". The convention came into force on 18 July 1976. Remains of hanged prisoners to be exhumed. Britain, due to the military burden imposed on it by the Crimean War in Europe, then withdrew its troops from the territory in 1854, when the territory along with other areas in the region was claimed by the Boers as an independent Boer republic, which they named the Orange Free State. Thabani m Southern African, Zulu, Ndebele. [88] War broke out again in 1865. Over 7,000 South Africans were killed, and nearly 12,000 were wounded during the course of the war. Search US census records for South African, View all South African immigration records, Do not sell or share my personal information. [83] The British then set about establishing large sugar plantations in the area today named KwaZulu-Natal Province. [75] The Boer republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State also vied for ownership of the land, but Britain, being the preeminent force in the region, won control over the disputed territory. The small initial group of free burghers, as these farmers were known, steadily increased in number and began to expand their farms further north and east into the territory of the Khoikhoi. Two German African colonies were occupied, either by South Africa alone or with significant South African assistance. In 1872, after a long political struggle, it attained responsible government with a locally accountable executive and Prime Minister. [24] To this end, a small VOC expedition under the command of Jan van Riebeeck reached Table Bay on 6 April 1652. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how . [73], The original Griqualand, north of the Orange River, was annexed by Britain's Cape Colony and renamed Griqualand West after the discovery in 1871 of the world's richest deposit of diamonds at Kimberley, so named after the British Colonial Secretary, Earl Kimberley. [186] On 23 August 1981 South African troops again launched an incursion into Angola with collaboration and encouragement provided by the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Most Common South African Surnames & Meanings Most Common Last Names In South Africa Forebears knows about 821,426 unique surnames in South Africa and there are 66 people per name. 2. Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2010). Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics, with large swathes of pasturage and cropland being destroyed. The diggings were located in an area of vague boundaries and disputed land ownership. By the time it was finally quelled, hundreds of protesters had been shot dead with many more wounded or arrested by police. In the Fourth Xhosa War, which lasted from 1811 to 1812, the British colonial authorities forced the Xhosa back across the Great Fish River and established forts along this boundary. The republic regained its independence as the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek ("South African Republic"), or ZAR. In a referendum held on 17 March 1992, the white electorate voted 68% in favour of democracy. [7] The discoveries of diamonds and gold in the nineteenth century had a profound effect on the fortunes of the region, propelling it onto the world stage and introducing a shift away from an exclusively agrarian-based economy towards industrialisation and the development of urban infrastructure. [38] The Royal Geographical Society later awarded Livingstone a gold medal for his discovery of Lake Ngami in the desert.[39]. As punishment to the Basotho, the governor and commander-in-chief of the Cape Colony, George Cathcart, deployed troops to the Mohokare River; Moshoeshoe was ordered to pay a fine. It was an independent and internationally recognised nation-state in southern Africa from 1852 to 1902. The Portuguese mariner Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to explore the coastline of South Africa in 1488, while attempting to discover a trade route to the Far East via the southernmost cape of South Africa, which he named Cabo das Tormentas, meaning Cape of Storms. [194][195][196], Organised resistance to Afrikaner nationalism was not confined exclusively to activists of the oppressed, dark-skinned population. [192][193], South Africa in the 1980s also provided logistical and other covert support to Resistncia Nacional Moambicana (RENAMO) rebels, in neighbouring Mozambique fighting the FRELIMO-run government during the Mozambique Civil War, and it launched cross-border raids into Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana, killing or capturing a number of South African exiles. Madia South African. He withdrew from the area and led his people northwards to what would later become the Matabele region of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). By the late 1700s, the Cape Colony population had grown to include a large number of mixed-race so-called "coloureds" who were the offspring of extensive interracial relations between male Dutch settlers, Khoikhoi females, and female slaves imported from Dutch colonies in the East. As societies became more complex or were colonised by more complex societies these distinguishing names became fixed and were passed on to the next generation. The Government of National Unity lapsed at the end of the first parliament sitting in 1999, with the ANC becoming the sole party in power while maintaining a strategic alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party. This facilitated purchases of munitions and food in the United States and neutral countries. Today middle names are common among people with a Catholic, Protestant, Islamic or South Asian background. The General Assembly had already suspended South Africa from the UN organisation on 12 November 1974. Desiree Hansson, "Changes in counter-revolutionary state strategy in the decade 197989", in Desiree Hansson and Dirk van Zyl Smit (eds.). Less than a handful of prosecutions were ever pursued. Popular South African Surnames and Meanings Abara - This surname is of Igbo origin and it means "spirit." Adebisi - The meaning of this last name is "the king" and it is of Yoruba origin. In 1845, a treaty was signed between the British colonists and Moshoeshoe, which recognised white settlement in the area. 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