The Kanbis (now called Patidars) had five divisions: Leva, Kadya, Anjana, Bhakta, and Matia. Bharwad (in the Nesses of the forests of Alech, Barada and Gir). This bulk also was characterized by hierarchy, with the relatively advanced population living in the plains at one end and the backward population living along with the tribal population in the highlands at the other end. Many of them became the norm-setting elite for Gujaratis in the homeland. 283 window.__mirage2 = {petok:"Nyygxe2uhCSCRFr_1gpqZloLWtvR7MsRGDym6HeWdrk-3600-0"}; As regards the rest of Gujarat, I have used various sources: my work on the caste of genealogists and mythographys and on the early 19th century village records; the available ethnographic, historical and other literature; and observations made while living m Gujarat. For describing the divisions of the remaining two orders, it would be necessary to go on adding the prefix sub but this would make the description extremely clumsy, if not meaningless. If the marriage took place within the Vania fold but outside the tad or ekda, as the case may be, the punishment varied according to the social distance between the tads or ekdas of the bride and the groom. The Kadava Patidar (also variously spelled Kadwa, Kadva) are a sub-caste of the Patidars in Gujarat. The institutions of both bride and bridegroom price (the latter also called dowry) were rampant in castes with continuous internal hierarchydowry mainly at the upper levels, bride price mainly at the lower levels, and both dowry and bride price among status-seeking middle level families. All castes and sub-caste names given on this page were taken from the official website of Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Department of Social Justice and Empowerment and National Commission for Backward Classes, Government of India. The main thrust of Pococks paper is that greater emphasis on difference rather than on hierarchy is a feature of caste among overseas Indians and in modern urban India. Gandhi refers to someone who is a seller of fragrances, that is a perfume seller. They worked not only as high priests but also as bureaucrats. village is 49 which is I am dealing here only with certain typical situations. In some parts of Gujarat they formed 30 to 35 per cent of the population. In 1931, their total population was more than 1,700,000, nearly one-fourth of the total population of Gujarat. The Rajput hierarchy had many levels below the level of the royal families of the large and powerful kingdoms: lineages of owners of large and small fiefs variously called jagir, giras, thakarat,thikana, taluka, and wanted-, lineages of substantial landowners under various land tenures having special rights and privileges; and lineages of small landowners. The existence of flexibility at both the levels was made possible by the flexibility of the category Rajput. These linkages played an important role in the traditional social structure as well as in the processes of change in modern India. stream Share this article with your friends, relatives and acquaintances on Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter, Pinterest and Telegram and give your feedback by commenting below. Many of the popular Gujarati surnames trace their roots to the occupations or businesses held by the original bearers of the surname. In all there were thirty to forty such divisions. Read further that Gujarat Caste List 2022 pdf. This account of the divisions is based on various sources, but mainly on Bombay Gazetteer (1901). 25. This meant that he could marry a girl of any subdivision within the Vania division. They married their daughters into higher Rajput lineages in the local area who in turn married their daughters into still higher nearly royal rajput lineages in Saurashtra and Kachchh. There were also a number of first-order divisions, mainly of artisans, craftsmen and specialized servants, with small populations. These prefixes Visa and Dasa, were generally understood to be derived from the words for the numbers 20 (vis) and 10 (das), which suggested a descending order of status, but there is no definite evidence of such hierarchy in action. Frequently, each such unit had a patron deity, housed in a large shrine, with elaborate arrangements for its ownership. There was also a tendency among bachelors past marriageable age to establish liaisons with lower-caste women, which usually led the couple to flee and settle down in a distant village. See a medical professional for personalized consultation. I know some ekdas, and tads composed of only 150 to 200 households. Copyright 2023 Census India, All rights reserved. Usually, these divisions were distinguished from one another by prohibition of what people called roti vyavahar (bread, i.e., food transactions) as well as beti vyavahar (daughter, i.e., marital transactions). Finally, while an increasing number of marriages are taking place even across the boundaries of first-order divisions, as for example, between Brahmans and Vanias, and between Vanias and Patidars, such marriages even now form an extremely small proportion of the total number of marriages. Daruwala is a composite of the Gujarati words daru, meaning alcohol, and wala, which means seller or maker. Friends, hope this article is for the state of Gujarat in the central government, . The surname thus has an occupational origin. Various misunderstandings about this caste but it certified by government that they are Vaishnav Khamar falls under general like Brahmins, Vaishnav Baniyas, Brahmbhatts, etc. I should hasten to add, however, that the open-minded scholar that he is, he does not rule out completely the possibility of separation existing as independent principle. By signing up to the mailing list you will only receive emails specifically about name reference on Forebears and your information will not be distributed to 3rd parties. It was originally an occupational name for someone who produces or sells alcohol. Copyright 10. Many of these names were also based on place names. One important first-order division, namely, Rajput, does not seem to have had any second-order division at all. The primarily rural and lower castes were the last to form associations and that too mainly after independence (1947). Of 194 workers Gadhavi Indian, Gujarati. As could be expected, there were marriages between fairly close kin, resulting in many overlapping relationships, in such an endogamous unit. out of which Thakkar likely derived from the word Thakkura, a Middle Indo-Aryan or Sanskrit word, which means God or deity., Tripathi originates from tripa, a Sanskrit word referring to the one who has studied the three Vedas.. This stratum among the Kanbis coped with the problem mainly by practising remarriage of widows and divorced women. Which you can also download in PDF, List of Scheduled Tribes in Gujarat ( ). Thus Khamar village has a of the total population. If you wish to know more about it, delve into this list as we share a list of Gujarati last names with meanings. List of Scheduled Caste in Gujarat ( ). The understanding of changes in caste is not likely to be advanced by clubbing such diverse groups together under the rubric of ethnic group. 3 0 obj to which the divisions of the marrying couple belong. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You have entered an incorrect email address! Both Borradaile and Campbell were probably mixing up small endogamous units of various kinds. Read further, List ofScheduled Tribesin Gujarat for Centre, List ofScheduled Castesin Gujarat for Centre, List ofOther Backward Classin Gujarat for Centre. The Kolis seem to have had only two divisions in every part of Gujarat: for example, Talapada (indigenous) and Pardeshi (foreign) in central Gujarat and Palia and Baria in eastern Gujarat (significantly, one considered indigenous and the other outsider). Simultaneously, there is gradual decline in the strength of the principle of hierarchy, particularly of ritual hierarchy expressed in purity and pollution. Almost every village in this area included at least some Leva population, and in many villages they formed a large, if not the largest, proportion of the population. You have liked . %PDF-1.7 For example, there was considerable ambiguity about the status of Anavils. The idea of inter-caste marriage is, moreover, linked with the idea of creating such a society involves a compromise with, if not subtle negation of, the ideal. All this trade encouraged development of trading and commercial towns in the rest of Gujarat, even in the highland area. A common surname in Gujarat, Kapadia, in Gujarati means, 'cloth merchant.' 24. There were similar problems about the status of a number of other divisions. The census operations, in particular, spread as they were over large areas, gave a great impetus to writings on what Srinivas has called the horizontal dimension of caste (1952: 31f;1966: 9,44,92,98-100,114-17). But many Rajput men of Radhvanaj got wives from people in distant villages who were recognized there as Kolisthose Kolis who had more land and power than the generality of Kolis had tried to acquire some of the traditional Rajput symbols in dress manners and customs and had been claiming to be Rajputs. There are thus a few excellent studies of castes as horizontal units. Shroff is derived from seraf, a Gujarati word that means banker, cashier, or a money-lender. There was also another kind of feast, called bhandaro, where Brahmans belonging to a lesser number of divisions (say, all the few in a small town) were invited. What I am trying to point out, however, is that greater emphasis on division (Pococks difference, Dumonts separation. The purpose is not to condemn village studies, as is caste in a better perspective after deriving insights from village studies. While we can find historical information about the formation of ekdas and tads there are only myths about the formation of the numerous second-order divisions. Khamar is a medium size village located in Nandod Taluka of Narmada district, Gujarat with total 117 families residing. Other examples are Daruwala, Doshi, Zariwala, and Screwala. In most parts of Gujarat it merged into the various second-order divisions of the Koli division and possible also into the widespread tribe of Bhils. (Head of Village) who is elected representative of the village. Sometimes a division corresponding to a division among Brahmans and Vanias was found in a third first-order division also. In recent years, however, there has been a tendency to emphasize hierarchy as the primary principle encompassing the principle of division. A fundamental difficulty with these paradigms of change, as indicated by the above analysis, is that they are based on a partial conception of the systematic or structural whole in the past partially because it does not cover the urban situation and the complexity of horizontal units. To whichever of the four orders a caste division belonged, its horizontal spread rarely, if ever, coincided with that of another. This infographic documents some well-known Gujarati last names derived from the Sanskrit language and their meanings.SaveIllustration: Momjunction Design Team. It is easy to understand that the pattern of change would be different in those first-order divisions (such as Rajput) or second-order divisions (such as Leva Kanbi) which did not have within them subdivisions of lower orders and which practised hypergamy extensively. After this there are twenty eight tribal castes in Gujarat. Khamar Generally they used to known as Vaishnav Khamar. Read ahead caste list Gujarat . There is a patterned widening of the connubial field along an area chalked out historically. One of the reasons behind underplaying of the principle of division by Dumont as well as by others seems to be the neglect of the study of caste in urban areas (see Dumonts remarks in 1972: 150). It will readily be agreed that the sociological study of Indian towns and cities has not made as much progress as has the study of Indian villages. engaged in work activities. The total population of Khamar is 560 out of which 277 are males and 283 are females thus the Average Sex Ratio of Khamar is 1021. . 1,022. Names. Frequently, marriages were arranged in contravention of a particular rule after obtaining the permission of the council of leaders and paying a penalty in advance. We shall return later to a consideration of this problem. The Rajputs relationship with the Kolis penetrated every second-order division among them, i.e., Talapada, Pardeshi, Chumvalia, Palia, and so on. Nor were ekdas and tads entirely an urban phenomenon. The tad thus represented the fourth and last order of caste divisions. It probably is a combination of the words screw and wala meaning seller or maker. The co-residence of people belonging to two or more divisions of a lower order within a division of a higher order has been a prominent feature of caste in towns and cities. For example, in a Rajput kingdom the families of the Rajput king and his nobles resided in the capital town, while the Rajput landlords and cultivators resided in villages. No they don't. Whatever the internal organization of a second-order division, the relationship between most of the Brahman second-order divisions was marked by great emphasis on being different and separate than on being higher and lower. The Gujarati surname Choksi derives its name from the Gujarati word Coksi, which means assayer of gold and silver.. Gujarat (: )(/drt/) is a state of India. It comes under Khamar Panchayath. In other words, it did not involve a big jump from one place to another distant place. In some other cases, mainly of urban artisans, craftsmen and specialized servants, such as Kansaras (copper and bronze smiths), Salvis (silk weavers), Kharadis (skilled carpenters and wood carvers), Chudgars (bangle-makers) and Vahivanchas genealogists and mythographers), the small populations were so small and confined to so few towns that they had few subdivisions and the boundaries of their horizontal units were fairly easy to define. , ? At one end there were castes in which the principle of hierarchy had free play and the role of the principle of division was limited. Here is the list of popular surnames used by Kurmi caste People in India. In a paper on Caste among Gujaratis in East Africa, Pocock (1957b) raised pointedly the issue of the relative importance of the principles of division (he called it difference) and hierarchy. As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act (Amendment If the Varna divisions are taken into account, then this would add one more order to the four orders of caste divisions considered above. Many of them claimed that they were Brahmans but this claim was not accepted by most established Brahmans. The Hindu population of Gujarat was divided first of all into what I have called caste divisions of the first order. The patterns of change in marriage and in caste associations are two of the many indications of the growing significance of the principle of division (or separation or difference) in caste in urban areas in Gujarat. Below a list of Scheduled Caste communities and their population according to the 2001 Census of India in the state of Gujarat. The number of tads in an ekda or go I might be two or more, and each of them might be an endogamous units. Ideally, castes as horizontal units should he discussed with the help of population figures. A great deal of discussion of the role of the king in the caste system, based mainly on Indological literature, does not take these facts into account and therefore tends to be unrealistic. For example, all Vania divisions were divided into a number of ekdas or gols. Thus, Rawal/Raval refers to those who originally came from a family of commanders or kings. The migration of the Kolis of north Gujarat into central Gujarat and those of the latter into eastern Gujarat was a process of slow drift from one village to another over a period of time. Content Guidelines 2. Together they provide a slice of Gujarati society from the sea- coast to the bordering highlands. Usually, it was a small population. A surname comes from the Sanskrit word vyasa meaning the compiler. The surname would have been associated with those who worked as compilers of ancient texts. I would suggest that this feature of urban caste, along with the well known general tendency of urban culture to encourage innovation, provided the groundhowever diffuse that ground might have beenfor a favourable response to the anti-hierarchical ideas coming from the West. Such a description not only overlooks the diversity and complexity of caste divisions and the rural-urban Link- ages in them but also leads to placing them in the same category as Muslims, Christians, Parsis, Jains, Buddhists, and so on. Leuva Patels claim that they are the descendants of Luv, the elder son of Lord Ram. To give just one example, one large street in Baroda, of immigrant Kanbis from the Ahmedabad area, named Ahmedabadi Pol, was divided into two small parallel streets. Falls under General. Any one small caste may look insignificant in itself but all small castes put together become a large social block and a significant social phenomenon. What is really required for a comprehensive understanding is a comparison of traditional with modern caste in both rural and urban areas (including, to be sure, the rural-urban linkages). (where they are not S.T. They took away offerings made to Shiva, which was considered extremely degrading. Moreover, the king himself belonged to some caste (not just to the Kshatriya Varna) and frequently a number of kings belonged to the same caste (e.g., Rajput). caste list in gujarat 2022 / . <>/Metadata 3086 0 R/ViewerPreferences 3087 0 R>> Sometimes castes are described as becoming ethnic groups in modern India, particularly in urban India. The primarily urban castes and the urban sections of the rural-cum- urban castes were the first to take advantage of the new opportunities that developed in industry, commerce, administration, the professions and education in urban centres. More common was an ekda or tad having its population residing either in a few neighbouring villages, or in a few neighbouring towns, or in both. For which there is a provision of 15% reservation. Until recently, sociologists and anthropologists described Indian society as though it had no urban component in the past. The error is further compounded whenalthough this is less commonthe partial, rural model of traditional caste is compared with the present urban situation, and conclusions are drawn about overall change. This reflects the high degree of divisiveness in castes in Gujarat. The Anavil, numbering 30,000 to 40,000 in 1931, were found mainly in south Gujarat. You can also download the caste list in PDF. The Suthar community is mostly involved in the field of carpentry. There was not only no pyramid type of arrangement among the many ekdas in a second-order Vania divisionthe type of arrangement found in the Rajput, Leva Kanbi, Anavil and Khedawal divisions-but frequently there was no significant sign of hierarchical relation, except boastful talk, between two neighbouring ekdas. Dowry not only continues to be a symbol of status in the new hierarchy but is gradually replacing bride price wherever it existed, and dowry amounts are now reaching astronomical heights. Traditionally, the Brahman division was supposed to provide the priests for the corresponding divisions. This was because political authorities were hierarchized from little kingdom to empire and the boundaries of political authorities kept changing. The advance made in recent years is limited and much more needs to be done. Doshi, Zariwala, and tads composed of only 150 to 200 households with... 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