Call Number: UNLV Oversize F1219.56.C76 D5 (2 vol.) "Spanish and Nahuatl Views on Smallpox and Demographic Catastrophe in the Conquest of Mexico." The Aztecs (/ z t k s /) were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. Prescott, William Hickling. S.l. Coatlicue was sweeping a sacred temple atop the mountain Coatepec, which translates to Serpent Mountain. I plan on using Hernan Cortes' "Second Letter to Emperor Charles V," which describes his exploits and capture of Montezuma II and the Aztec capital. His book appeared in Spain in 1576 after Fray Bartolom de las Casas had published A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies, his outspoken critique of Spanish policies in North America. For my primary sources, I plan on using Spanish and Aztec diary letters and codices. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. This is the volume that prompted Bernal Daz del Castillo to write his true history. On the second day they began to sing again, but without warning they were all put to death. Appendix A: Survey Development and Methodology, Appendix B: Survey Instrument and Topline Results, Directory of History Departments and Organizations, Resources for Globalizing the US History Survey, Resources for Tuning the History Discipline, The Decision to Secede and Establish the Confederacy: A Selection of Primary Sources, Plagiarism: Curricular Materials for History Instructors, Annual Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, Resources from the 2015 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, Resources from the 2016 Texas Conference on Introductory Courses, 2017 Texas Conference on Introductory Courses, 2018 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, 2019 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, 2020 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, 2021 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, 2022 Texas Conference on Introductory History Courses, Resources for Getting Started in Digital History, Evaluation of Digital Scholarship in History, Project Roles and a Consideration of Process and Product, Extending the Reach of Scholarly Society Work to HBCU Faculty, Final Report on Extending the Reach of Scholarly Society Work to HBCU Faculty, Mapping the Landscape of Secondary US History Education, Resources for Students and Early Career Professionals, Resources for Job Candidates and Search Committees. A group of indigenous people, the Tlaxcalans, who allied with the Spanish and massacred many of the Mexicas themselves, produced eighty paintings published in the mid-sixteenth century in a manuscript called El Lienzo de Tlaxcala. If true, the statement suggests a much deeper relationship between Corts and Marina than the one suggested in my narrative to accompany the documents. You will receive our UK newsletter. Most of these histories address one very simple question: how could a handful of Spaniards, even with their powerful and superior weapons, have defeated tens of thousands of indigenous peoples who lived in what the Spaniards themselves described as a very impressive, advanced civilization? There they improved their approach to agriculture and acquired other technological knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Microfiche. Most useful was the chapter on the historical iconography of Malintzin. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. . Lockhart, James. Contains some interesting images from the codices critical of de Alvardo. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A French translation of Cortss letters to Charles V, which may have been based on the Spanish edition I used. Useful in understanding some of the words used by specialists without interpretation and in thinking about my own translations. Sixth Edition. 4 vols. If only they can see what I see! Poliantea. However, their stay was temporary. Mexican Manuscript Painting of the Early Colonial Period: The Metropolitan Schools. "Teaching Art in the Context of Culture: A Study in the Borderlands,"Studies in Art Education: A Journal of Issues and Research. Very useful for preparing overviews. I have strived to find out of copyright translations of the original Florentine Codex rather than use works based on the Madrid Codex, but at times I have been forced to work with both because of the difficulty of verifying the pedigrees of subsequent texts and translations. Thomas, Hugh, Conquest: Montezuma, Corts, and the Fall of Old Mexico. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. Still others simply disappeared without being published or preserved. Though it was based on Cortss papers, it is closer to a secondary source that glorifies Corts. Many historians would accept only Don Hernn Cortss letters to King Charles V as genuine primary sources, since they were written by the Spanish conqueror in his native language at the time he was battling the Mexicas. It is a collection of primary sources from the Nahuas and the Spaniards. Madrid: Fototipia de Hauser y Menet, 1905. "Bernardino de Sahagn." 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The Mexican historian Miguel Len-Portilla, author of The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico, believes that a rare French Bibliothque National manuscript--variously described as Manuscript 22, Unos anales historicos de la nacion mexicana, or the Tlatelolco Codex--was written in Nahuatl by a group of anonymous natives of Tlatelolco in 1528, just seven years after the conquest. "Language and Empire: The Vision of Nebrija.". Speeches of Motecuhzoma and Corts Used to put together material to help students think about what they are looking at. : The MIT Press, 1997. Somewhat later, the codex was revised again in Spanish and published as the Madrid Codex, which is housed in the Mseo de America in Madrid, Spain. The resource includes information on: Aztec gods, rulers, priests, temples, the Aztec empire and Aztec calendars. Schwartz, Stuart B, ed. There are only a handful of primary sources available on the conquest of Mexico, and all of them are tainted in at least some ways. Edited and Trans. explore and learn delivered straight to your inbox. Microcard edition. But messengers came to tell them to dress the figure of Huitzilopochtli. Happily, the rich Latin American resources in Southern California make it feasible to examine multiple translations and editions of the sources for verification of precise language regardless of copyright. The Spaniards initially insisted on forcing the indigenous populations to speak Spanish, a policy that was wholly unsuccessful. Back to the main History guide! These images generate even more questions about whose vision is represented in them, since the Tlaxcalans backed the Spanish without hesitation and produced their paintings to impress the Spanish monarchy with their loyalty to Spain. The Spaniards hanged a chief from Acolhuacan named Nezahualquentzin. History of the Conquest of Mexico. During this same time, The Sun commanded that Motecuhzoma and Itzcohuatzin, the military chief of Tlatelolco, be made prisoners. Primary sources are firsthand accounts of people present at an event. It reveals the importance of maize to the Aztecs. Hence, there are two copies of it. Cdice Florentino. Aztec culture was organized into city-states . Databases of primary sources arranged by time period or topic. Nahuas and Spaniards: Postconquest Central Mexican History and Philolology. They left their posts and went to dress him in his sacred finery: his ornaments and his paper clothing. Problems aside, there are three major sources of picture-history of the conquest of Mexico. To view full articles, you will require membership. And the king said: Yes, I am Motecuhzoma. Then he stood up to welcome Corts; he came forward, bowed his head low and addressed him in these words: Our lord, you are weary. [http://www.umt.edu/history/NAHUATL/florent.txt (6-12-2000)]. The images of Malinche portray her with her hair tied up on her head unlike her images in El Lienzo de Tlaxcala. We do this to improve browsing experience and to show personalised ads. Fray Diego de Durn studied many of the local manuscripts produced in the sixteenth century. AHA Teaching & Learning Teaching Resources for Historians Teaching and Learning in the Digital Age The History of the Americas The Conquest of Mexico For Teachers General Discussion of the Primary Sources Used in This Project General Discussion of the Primary Sources Used in This Project Barcelona: Biblioteca Clsica Espaola, 1887. An interesting collection of lesser known narratives of the conquest that add an additional dimension and helps to clarify the documents used here. Useful in putting together guides for teachers and students. All Aztecs, Maya & Inca primary resources, By entering your email address you agree to our. The home has 2 bedrooms and 2 baths, along with an attached 2-car garage and patio. Are You Thinking of a Career in Secondary Schools? Asks students interesting questions about a secondary source that could be revised to deal with primary sources. "Motecuzoma Xocoyotl, Hernn Corts, and Bernal Daz del Castillo: The Construction of an Arrest". Entitled Historia de los Indios de la Nueva Espaa, this manuscript can be found in the Escorial, Spain. How Much Does the Public Value the Field of History and Historians Work? Fuentes, Patricia de, ed. ed., rev. By far, the most important is the Florentine Codex. [http://www.public.iastate.edu/~python/pagan/aztec.html (6-14-2000)]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992. Mxico: Oficina tipogrfica de la Secretara de fomento, 1902. Mxico: Secretaria de Fomento, 1892. "The Aztec Conquest and the Birth of a New Race (Mestizo).". "The primary sources feature artifacts such as the Inca quipu, or knotted counting cords, the Maya sacred calendar, and the Aztec Sun Stone. Dover Publications. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva Espaa. The codex richly illustrated many battles and encounters between the Spanish, the Mexicas, and other indigenous peoples. The first is that the population of central Mexico in 1519 . Miguel LeonPortilla, a Mexican anthropologist, gathered accounts by the Aztecs, some of which were written shortly after the conquest. But on the following day we attacked him with all our might, and that was the beginning of the war. We use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. The editor of the volume believes that priests compiled the songs during the seventeenth century. Karttunen, Frances. Traditionally, Aztec human sacrifice has been understood as having a religious basis, in which a constant supply of humans were needed for sacrifice to the god of the sun. Classic account of the history of the conquest that is very sympathetic to the Spaniards. They also murdered the king of Nauhtla, Cohualpopocatzin, by wounding him with arrows and then burning him alive. This edition appears to be an English translation of the earliest version of Daz del Castillos manuscript. This edition appears to be a French translation of the earliest version of Daz del Castillos manuscript. These cookies are required to make our website work! It is plausible that Fray Diego de Durn may have supervised the preparation of this manuscript, and it was published in 1867 as Historia de las Indias de Nueva-Espaa y isles de Tierra Firme with Durn as the author. Mxico: Impreso por Valdes y Redondas, 1847. By entering your email address you agree to our. Moreover, in producing this project, I discovered that artists often copied originals or sometimes provided their own drawings, which were similar but different from the original paintings. He may very well be correct, but readers need to understand the complex cultural and linguistic politics of the period in which the manuscript was produced. Is There a Link between Historical Outlooks and Civic Engagement? The Memoirs of the Conquistador Bernal Daz del Castillo. The Aztec codices are manuscripts that were written and painted by tlacuilos (codex creators). Extremely useful in understanding how to read the Nahuass manuscripts. A copy of it is available in the Los Angeles County Public Library. If you have any queries about our upcoming curriculum resource links, please email:schools@ngkids.co.uk. The kings who have gone before, your representatives, guarded it and preserved it for your coming. Seler, Eduard, ed. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Nahuas and the king said: Yes, I plan on using Spanish and Nahuatl Views on Smallpox Demographic. 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