In addition, a few states had taken very aggressive measures to curb Klan violence. Herbert Hoover is a better speaker than Demosthenes. At the trial Darrow emphasized his clients' mental instability and lack of any moral compass. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Prosperity based on consumption of goods: If consumers stopped buying enough goods, the entire nation would be seriously weakened. After word of that original broadcast spread, people overwhelmed radio manufacturers standing line for hours to fill . Overall, the benefits seem to outweigh these negative effects most of the time. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Famous Trials in American History. By the 1920s, a few decades after Marconi's first broadcast, half of urban families owned a radio. For more information on text complexity see these resources from achievethecore.org. In addition to the immigrants who had crowded into the cities, about four million people had moved from rural to urban areas. During his younger years, he earned the nickname "Scarface" after a bar fight left him with a prominent scar down one cheek. What specific words or phrases establish that tone? In this repressive environment, there was not much need for the Ku Klux Klan, and they faded away. What are the negative effects of radio waves? . But I have searched the ether [airwaves] hopelessly trying to find something with some sense in it being broadcast somewhere. In the student graphic organizer are four comments on radio offered by the American science writer Waldemar Kaempffert in a 1924 Forum article entitled The Social Destiny of Radio. [View the full text at unz.org.] 21. To sum up the political effect of the radio, we may say that it is the greatest debunking influence that has come into American public life since the Declaration of Independence. In contrast to Woodfords style, Harbord proceeds with earnest and resolute prose, breaking into a final effusive tribute to radios promise of global harmony. Women played a particularly important role in this movement, both as leaders (because they were seen as the moral guardians of society) and as inspiration (because they were thought to suffer most from men's drinking habits). Radio enables voters to make logical decisions unaffected by the emotions of the crowd. In paragraph four what information did Woodford obtain from the radio? The radio allowed information to spread more quickly, and Americans were able to receive news, music and entertainment anywhere within listening distance. Accessed on June 17, 2005. With the radio, Americans from coast to coast could listen to exactly the same programming. If we have to sum up the political effect of the radio, we may say that it is the greatest debunking influence that has come into American public life since the Declaration of Independence. One change that has been brought about by radio is the elimination of mob feeling from political audiences. Thus dies the art of conversation. 2. Kobler, John. How does it help him make his point? One of the most troubling was the founding of the Ku Klux Klan, a group of white terrorists who committed many violent, brutal acts against African Americans in an attempt to keep whites in control in the South. bodyguards to defend his family from the hostile whites who had been vandalizing his home. This helped create a firmer sense of American culture since now everyone in the country could listen to the same programming regardless of where they were. NEGATIVE ASPECTS: 1. The 1920s gave negative impacts as well with the country being divided, rise of anti-immigrant socialist parties, labor unrest, corruption in the government, and organized crime. Economic, political, and technological developments heightened the popularity of jazz music in the 1920s, a decade of unprecedented economic growth and prosperity in the United States. 2: Haitians. Formed in 1836, the American Temperance Union urged abstinence from both distilled liquors, such as whiskey and rum, and fermented beverages, such as beer and wine. elimination of mob feeling Perret, Geoffrey. International broadcasting will soon become a commonplace. And even when violators were brought to trial, judges seemed reluctant to convict them. The public was shocked and frightened by the killings and lawlessness that seemed to result from Prohibition, which would be overturned at the beginning of the 1930s. That meant that a judge, not a jury, would decide their fate, which Darrow believed was the young men's only chance to avoid execution. Clash of Cultures in the 1910s and 1920s. It is reported that at the beginning of the last presidential campaign someone suggested to one of the National Committees [Democratic & Republican] that they make use of radio in their campaigning. Higdon, Hal. National Humanities Center | 7 T.W. After his release, his criminal career was over. The magnetism of the orator cools The 20th century began without planes, televisions, and of course, computers. From paragraphs two and three, select three phrases Woodford uses to describe radio. Capone was surprised by this sentence since he expected a much shorter prison term. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants had been welcomed into the United States, as the country was growing and industrializing rapidly and laborers were needed. Accessed on June 17, 2005. The old Klan had targeted the newly freed African Americans of the South, as well as a few people who supported them. the impassioned gesture is wasted Sources Radio became a new form of communication and entertainment. The radio became the media channel of choice for many Americans during the 1920s, threatening the dominance of the daily newspaper as a main source of news. Automobile gave people more opportunities to travel new places on vacation. Harbord, points to radios role in the recent election and, citing what it has already done and what it promises to do, predicts a bright future for it. "The Dark Side of the 1920s Radio has come into its own, it said, over the doubts, and some cases despite the vehement protests, of the older school of politicians in both parties. For them the great public meetings, with its parades, bands, red fire, and crowd enthusiasm, has been the high point of a national campaign. Immigrants from countries in which alcoholic drinks had a cherished cultural role, such as Ireland and Germany, caused further concern and contributed to the nativism sentiments of the period. . only . The Radio: Blessing or Curse? . Harbord, points to radios role in the recent election and, citing what it has already done and what it promises to do, predicts a bright future for it. 9. Gods great gift to man Radio isnt weakening American democracy, Harbord insisted; its providing a modern guarantor of its health. This lesson analyzes the debate about radio as it was presented in 1929 in the Forum (1886-1930), a monthly magazine of social and political commentary that regularly invited pro and con essays on controversial topics from prominent spokesmen. The First World War Radio had a lasting and drastic. Commercial broadcast programming from the United States influenced broadcasting around the world; some countries emulated it, and others abhorred it. Accessed on June 17, 2005. 20. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dark-side-1920s. I venture the prophecy that in the campaign of 1932 we shall both see and hear the candidates by radio. Stations multiplied into the thousands and radio sales into the millions. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. If they are feeling particularly loquacious, they nod to each other. The Effects of the 1920s on The Great Gatsby When Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby the U.S. was in the middle of the 1920s. Encyclopedia.com. Fashion, Fads and Film Stars The Jazz Age Prohibition Era Immigration and Racism in the 1920s Early Civil Rights Activism Sources The Roaring Twenties was a period in American history of. The marvel of science Box 12256 | Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, Phone: (919) 549-0661 | Fax: (919) 990-8535 | nationalhumanitiescenter.org. Although the new Klan would employ many of the same violent tactics and intimidation (use of the threat or fear of attack or harassment) as the old, it was different in one significant way. ethnic groups, and every group. Christine Frederick 2. Radio Broadcasts In the 1920s, mass media expanded to include the radio. [CDATA[ the purple period fades Chicago Historical Society. . . Radio is not an effective medium for political speeches. Accommodated as we are to mass media, we must work to imagine the impact of commercial radio broadcasting in its early years. ." Do you think he would have agreed with Woodfords criticism of nonpolitical radio broadcasting? Some people were convinced that these cases provided evidence of social disorder caused by modern developments and influences. In fact, though, most immigrants were too preoccupied with basic survival to worry about politics. Now considered the first generation of independent American women, flappers pushed barriers in economic, political and sexual freedom for women. The bad social parts of the 1920s were discrimination and the prohibition. The Influence of 1920s Fashion. It tricks them into engagement by provoking them to provide an answer. Listeners formed imagined but meaningful relationships with radio voices. As quoted in Nathan Miller's New World Coming: The 1920s and the Making of Modern America, the famous, conservative, and very pro-Prohibition politician William Jennings Bryan (18601925) declared that the "nation would be saloonless forever.". "The Dark Side of the 1920s On February 14, 1929, seven members of the gang headed by Capone's leading rival, George "Bugs" Moran, were lured into a Chicago garage. After a confrontation, a white mob surrounded Sweet's house and broke several windows. A case that was never solved involved the murder of director William Desmond Taylor (18721922), who reputedly had links to a drug ring. With the invention of technologies such as the freezer,. 5. Other famous court cases of the 1920s included the Halls-Mill murder trial, involving the wife of a minister accused of killing her husband and a married female member of the church choir with whom 'he had been having an affair. Some used a new pseudoscience (not a genuine science) called eugenics to warn of the dangers of what they called "mongrelization" (the mixing of superior white blood with that of the inferior immigrants). . The Automobile's Imprint on the Landscape. Mr. and Mrs. Babbitt, who used to make a feint at conversation by repeating to each other and their guests the ideas which they had gleaned from the editorials in the morning paper, now no longer go to that trouble. It is thought that the widespread public support for Prohibition before it took effect may have been based on a belief that it would ban only the so-called "hard" liquors, like whiskey. At the time, the technology primarily functioned as a means of naval communications; a lesson learned from the sinking of the Titanic. A significant portion of these were African Americans, who had migrated to the northern cities in search of greater opportunity and to escape from the political and social inequality they faced in the South. A ban on the manufacture and sale of liquor was now written into the U.S. Constitution. They faced poverty, mistreatment, and prejudice and struggled daily with the challenges of learning a new language and fitting into an unfamiliar society. . The popularity of radios during the 1920s provided a mere glimpse into what would become a national obsession with electronic media gadgets in the following decades. Available online at http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/scopes.htm. 2. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. Radio promoted anti-intellectualism. 1. Before 1890, most of these newcomers had arrived from the countries of northern and western Europe, just like the people who had first settled the United States. How does the response of party leaders to radio refute Woodfords vision of its future? Society had undergone an important and, for some people, unsettling shift. The year before, several well-known government leaders and political figures had been the victims of bomb attacks, and printed materials calling for a worker revolution had been found at the attack sites. Capone gradually gained prominence among the underworld figures in Chicago, and by 1925 he had taken control of the city's illegal liquor operations. The fashion of the era is a reflection of people's luxurious lifestyles and liberated minds. List the revolutionary effects of radio on democracy that Harbord welcomes. The Sweet case was viewed as a happy exception to the usual kind of justice that African Americans could expect from the court system. Everything that could move has run away. The documentation he had begun keeping on people in the 1920s had grown, and fear arose that this secret information gave Hoover too much power. On January 16, 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment went into effect. Both private citizens and businesses had spent the previous weeks buying up bottles of liquor; for example, New York City's Yale Club had a supply that was supposed to last for fourteen years. A prominent member of the committee replied, We havent time to monkey around with these novelties. Yet, before the campaign was over, the two candidates were addressing an audience estimated at between thirty and forty millions in their radio speeches, and the national, state, and county campaign committees had spent about two million dollars on broadcasting. That changed in the 1920s, when new anti-immigration legislation was introduced. How does the image of radio-centered entertaining in paragraph three advance Woodfords argument? At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America. People lost respected for the government and started doing business illegally with no concern for the law. Even a special new force created by the U.S. Justice Department, known as the Untouchables because they were said to be incorruptible, and led by agent Eliot Ness (19021957), who had a flawless reputation for honesty and integrity, was only marginally effective. Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms: Pop Culture of 20th-Century America. Arbuckle was eventually cleared (Rappe's death was due to a botched abortion), but his reputation was ruined, and he was never able to work in movies again. The Democratic candidate in that election was New York governor Al Smith (18731944), who happened to represent everything that Prohibition's supporters distrusted. Over the next decade, the reforming mood that had dominated the Progressive Era would shift, and Prohibition would become increasingly unpopular. All of these measures reflected the desire for racial and cultural homogeneity, or sameness, that now dominated U.S. society. He was forced to delay his university education because of his father's illness, but by 1916 had received a bachelor's degree in law, and the next year a master's degree, from George Washington University. The case resulted in a mistrial due to a hung jury (the jury was unable to reach a verdict, so the trial came to an end), and the charges against Sweet were dropped. 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