When Jane arrived in Deadwood, South Dakota in 1895, she told others that she needed money to enrol Jessie in a convent school at Sturgis. If James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok had an eye disease, present-day experts believe that, like many others of his time, he may have suffered from trachoma. Hickok saved Cody from getting beaten by another man and the two became longtime pals. If the deceased and defendant engaged in a fight or conflict willingly on the part of each, and the defendant killed the deceased, he is guilty of the offense charged, although the deceased may have fired the first shot. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). After a brief visit from Hickok, who then rode off into the sunset, a sea captain named James ONeil happened to find her. [51], Hickok was relieved of his duties as marshal less than two months after the accidental shooting, this incident being only one of a series of questionable shootings and claims of misconduct during his career. "George Ward Nichols and the Legend of Wild Bill Hickok. "Wild Bill and the Timber Thieves. Omissions? [58] Jane confirmed this account in an 1896 newspaper interview, although she claimed she had been hospitalized with illness rather than in the guardhouse. During this period Hickok prevented a man from beating an 11-year-old boy, who grew up to become Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickoks longtime friend. Hickok accused a J.V. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wild-Bill-Hickok, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Wild Bill Hickok, Wild Bill Hickok - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The murderer escaped. When a seat opened up at the table, a drunk man named Jack McCall sat down to play. At Bridger, Montana, Jane moved in with a cowboy named Robert Dorsett. He left his wife a few months later to seek his fortune in the goldfields of South Dakota. She was Maude Weir, born in 1881. Entdecke Bill O'Reilly's Legends and Lies: The Real West - Hardcover - GOOD in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Lonergan pinned Hickok to the ground, and Kyle put his gun to Hickok's ear. Funeral services will be held at Charlie Utter's Camp, on Thursday afternoon, August 3, 1876, at 3 o'clock P. M. All are respectfully invited to attend. Nick McGlashan loved his family, friends and fans. For the next several years, various witnesses saw Jane, who towed Jessie around with her as she drank her way across the west. Hickok managed to fire another shot, wounding the bear's paw. Hickok and Lanihan, however, remained sheriff and deputy, respectively. August marks of the deaths of two of the Wild West's most famous figures: Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane. Many historic sites and monuments commemorate his life, and he has been depicted numerous times in literature, film, and television. By Tyler MacDonald / May 18, 2021 9:31 am EST. The two men faced each other sideways for a duel. Hickok was sent from Abilene to arrest Matt Dillon (William Conrad) for the murder of a man he had thrown out of Dodge earlier that month. Macintosh of irregularities and misconduct during the election. Even in death Hickok's legend grew. In one show, he shot the spotlight when it focused on him. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers. In addition to many exploits she was known for being an acquaintance of Wild Bill Hickok.Late in her life, she appeared in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show and at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition.She is said to have exhibited compassion to others . After in inquest where other incidents of Hickoks brand of frontier justice was revealed, he was relieved of his duties. On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off in Springfield's town square, standing sideways before drawing and firing their weapons. Jane claimed that James Butler Hickok was the father of her child Jean . Also in 1995, he's depicted as a character in an episode of Legend (TV series) by William Russ, possibly most famous for his role in Wiseguy (TV series). Why were some shotguns called Greeners by cowboys in the Old West. I would have rather been somewhere else, but Bill stopped. He was known as a gunfighter and gambler who fought in the Civil War and was a scout for Custer's Cavalry. Hickok chased and wounded the fleeing Gordon, who was then fatally shot by someone else (according to some by Doc Brinks, another Pony Express employee). We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Corrections? authorities, and after trial has been sentenced to death for willful murder. by Marshall Trimble | Nov 1, 2007 | Inside History. Calamity Jane (1852-1903) was a well-known American frontierswoman and entertainment who was well-known for her marksmanship and acquaintance with Wild Bill Hickok. How Did Wild Bill Hickok Die? A highly fictional film account of Hickok's later years and death, titled Wild Bill (1995), stars Jeff Bridges as Hickok and David Arquette as Jack McCall, and was written and directed by Walter Hill. Hickoks growing reputation for fairness and courage earned him, in 1858, a position as a constable in Monticello, Kansas. The White Buffalo (1977), starring Charles Bronson as Hickok, tells a tale of Hickok's hunt for a murderous white buffalo that follows him in his nightmares. Hickok was bedridden for months before he went to southern Nebraska in the summer of 1861 to work at the Pony Express station at Rock Creek. Hickok was a favourite of Custer and his wife, Libbie, who described him as a delight to look upon. Hickoks physical appearance was by many accounts arresting. [3][4] James was the fourth of six children. [1][2], James Butler Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Homer, Illinois, (present-day Troy Grove, Illinois) to William Alonzo Hickok, a farmer and abolitionist, and his wife, Polly Butler. In fact, William Hickok (senior) was so opposed to slavery that it's been reported that the Hickok house was a station for the Underground Railroad, where black slaves stopped for refuge on their journey north to freedom. Within a month of the birth, newspapers tracked her to a hurdy-gurdy house in Livingston. [29][30], Two days later, Hickok was arrested for murder. In more recent times, however, Calamity Jane biographer James McLaird disproved McCormicks claim by researching when and how her fantastic autobiography unfolded. Was he shooting back? [77][78] A print of the film is maintained in the Museum of Modern Art film archive.[79]. The next child, also named Lorenzo Butler Hickok, was born in November of 1832. In 1860, Hickok was badly injured by a bear, while driving a freight team from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico. The incident helped contribute to the overall failure of the show. It was here that he supposedly became romantically linked to Martha Jane Canary, also known as "Calamity Jane," but most historians discount any such amorous relationship between the two. [citation needed], Henry M. Stanley, of the Weekly Missouri Democrat, reported Hickok to be "an inveterate hater of Indian People", perhaps to enhance his reputation as a scout and American fighter, but separating fact from fiction is difficult considering his recruitment of Indians to cross the nation to appear in his own Wild West show. She claims to have known James Hickok, known as "Wild Bill" Hickok, and she is thought to have traveled with him for several years. 10 in Deadwood, Dakota Territory. A young drifter named Jack McCall walked in and approached Hickok from behind. Did Old West houses have outhouses, and were public facilities available? At 4:15 in the afternoon, a young gunslinger named Jack McCall walked into the saloon, approached Hickok from behind, and shot him in the back of the head. He was one of the early heroes of the West popularized in the dime novels of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Between her birth in the 1850s and her death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed around the west. Hickok left home at age 17 and worked as a canal boat pilot in Utica, Illinois, before heading west in 1856 to Bleeding Kansas, which was embroiled in a violent conflict over whether slavery should be permitted there. For the next several years, Hickok worked as a stagecoach driver. From William Alonzo and Polly Butler's marriage, they welcomed six children in total, and HIckon is the fourth among them all. "[citation needed]. Martha Jane Cannary (May 1, 1852 - August 1, 1903), better known as Calamity Jane, was an American frontierswoman, sharpshooter, and storyteller. The couple had five children besides James Butler , three boys and two girls. Hickok was of English ancestry. The cards he was holding at the time a pair of black aces and a pair of black eights became known as "the dead man's hand.". Not a word was uttered. Their quick-draw duel was recorded as the first of its kind. The. Red objects generally appear black in early photographs, as the photographic processes were insensitive to red light. Wild Bill Hickok begins to establish his reputation as a gunfighter after he shoots three men during a shootout in Nebraska. A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters, James Butler ("Wild Bill") Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy Grove, Illinois. One of the workers, Joseph McLintock, wrote a detailed description of the reinterment. It is a loose adaptation of Hickok's life, ending with his famous aces-and-eights card hand. In her book Calamity Janes Daughter: The Story of Maude Weir, Weirs own daughter, Ruth Shadley, said her family secretly knew that Maudes real mother was Calamity Jane. Zimmerman said that despite their closeness in age, he and Jessie didnt say much to each other. In December, the Rawlins Republican reported that Jane visited town with a little girl she had stolen. The child was no doubt Jessie, who was next seen with her mother in Ekalaka, Montana in 1894 by at least two people. [h], McCall's motive for killing Hickok is the subject of speculation, largely concerning McCall's anger at Hickok's having given him money for breakfast the day before, after McCall had lost heavily. McCall was executed for the murder . "The Girl and the Gunfighter: A Newly Discovered Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok. "J.B. Hickok, Deputy U.S. Hardin alleged that when his cousin, Mannen Clements, was jailed for the killing of two cowhands (Joe and Dolph Shadden) in July 1871, Hickokat Hardin's requestarranged for his escape. American folk hero and lawman (18371876), For the American football player and industrialist, see, Arapaho Joe and Colorado Charlie Utter at Hickok's grave, photograph date unknown, Pistols known to have been carried by Hickok. Hickok encouraged McCall to quit the game until he could cover his losses and offered to give him money for breakfast. He replaced Tom "Bear River" Smith, who had been killed while serving an arrest warrant on November 2, 1870. Deadwood was overrun with miners, gunmen, and gamblers when Hickok became a peace officer there in July 1876, relying as much on his reputation as on his diminishing gun skills, which were compromised by failing eyesight. In an instant, he pulled the triggers again sending two bullets into Coe's abdomen (Coe lived a day or two) and whirling with his two guns drawn on the drunken crowd of cowboys, "and now do any of you fellows want the rest of these bullets?" McCanles may have been the first man Hickok killed. Three years after Jack McCall shot Hickok in the back as he was playing cards in Deadwood, South Dakota, an 1879 story in the Cheyenne, Wyoming, Daily Leader noted that the pistols were made expressly . [28] Tutt's shot missed, but Hickok's struck Tutt through the heart from about 75 yards (69m) away. Few could help her verify the truth, and Jean McCormick was of little help. Hickok ordered him to be arrested for firing a pistol within the city limits. B. Hickock [sic] (Wild Bill) formerly of Cheyenne, Wyoming. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. Picks on rebels, especially Texans, to kill." Future Publishing Limited [67], After bragging about killing Hickok, McCall was rearrested. [c] However, if they felt the threat of danger was real and imminent, he instructed they could apply the unwritten law of the "fair fight" and acquit. As a result, calcium carbonate from the surrounding soil had replaced the flesh, leading to petrifaction. His reputation as a gunfighter gave rise to legends and tales about his life. [69] In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame. [citation needed], Leander Richardson, a reporter, interviewed McCall shortly before his execution, and wrote an article about him for the April 1877 issue of Scribner's Monthly. Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? Some contemporaneous reports of his exploits are known to be fictitious, but they remain the basis of much of his fame and reputation. Pard, we will meet again in the happy hunting ground to part no more. In an 1871 account that changed his life, Hickok was reportedly involved in a shootout with saloon owner Phil Coe. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! Two 7th Cavalry troopers jump, Most people have heard of Calamity Jane, once promoted as The Famous Woman Scout of. Calamity Jane. Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. Wild Bill Hickok is remembered for his services in Kansas as sheriff of Hays City and marshal of Abilene, where his ironhanded rule helped to tame two of the most lawless towns on the frontier. The story continued that McCanles invaded the Wellmans cabin and prepared to shoot Hickok, who acted faster and shot McCanles in the chest. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. In the melee, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone moving towards him and responded with two shots killing his deputy Mike Williams. England and Wales company registration number 2008885. subscribe to All About History for as little as 26. This angered the buffalo and panicked audience members, causing the animals to break free of their wire fencing and chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. He twice asked another man at the table, Charles Rich, to change seats with him, but Rich refused. Wikimedia Commons Advertisement 11. Take that!" In the HBO show Deadwood (2004-2006), Wild Bill is played by Keith Carradine. Born in Homer (later called Troy Grove), Illinois, James Butler Hickok . The town of Deadwood, South Dakota, re-enacts Hickok's murder and McCall's capture every summer evening. Di Certo is the author of ten books and composer of three albums of children's songs. [12], While in Nebraska, Hickok was derisively referred to by one man as "Duck Bill" for his long nose and protruding lips. McCall tried to . Classmate Mary Connolly remembered Jessie, saying, we all played hopscotch and jumped rope on the playground. But mother and daughter eventually left town again. Not having the courage to do it himself, he one day filled about 200 cowboys with whiskey intending to get them into trouble with Wild Bill, hoping that they would get to shooting and in the melee shoot the marshal. By the end of the night most of the money had been spent, and Jane was roaring drunk. Jan MacKell Collins is the author of numerous books about the Old West, the latest isLost Ghost Towns of Teller County. At the [second] trial it was suggested that [McCall] was hired to do his work by gamblers who feared the time when better citizens should appoint Bill the champion of law and order a post which he formerly sustained in Kansas border life, with credit to his manhood and his courage. Hickok lost his re-election bid to his deputy. On August 2, 1876, Wild Bill Hickok died a sudden, violent death while gambling in a saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. Following his Civil War service, Wild Bill Hickok moved to Kansas where he was appointed sheriff in Hays City and marshal of Abilene. In July, 1865, in Springfield, Missouri's town square, Hickok killed Davis Tutt, an old friend who after personal grudges escalated became an enemy. Most modern retailers of Old West period clothing seem to sell only banded collared shirts, yet old photographs show cowboys did wear shirts with collars. He is also remembered for the cards he was holding when he was shot dead a pair of black aces and a pair of black eights since known as the dead man's hand. He was holding two pairs: black aces and black eights (although there is some dispute as to the suit of one of the aces, diamond vs. spade) as his "up cards", which has since become widely known as the "dead man's hand". The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. Hickok was killed August 2, 1876, at the age of 39, and Calamity Jane died of illness on August 1, 1903, at age 51; both died in South Dakota.. During his life, Hickok was a soldier, scout, stagecoach driver, lawman, gunfighter, showman, marksman, gambler, and more. When Varnes could not be found, McCall then implicated Tim Brady in the plot. He was released from the group after a few months. Wild Bill Hickok's proficiency with a pistol is well known, but there remains some confusion concerning how he used his weapons and which ones he actually used. Hickok had a large impact on American history because of his life and death. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. [44] In his 1895 autobiography, published after his death, Hardin claimed to have been befriended by Hickok, the newly elected town marshal, after he had disarmed the marshal using the road agent's spin, but Hardin was known to exaggerate. [20], On July 12, 1861, David McCanles went to the Rock Creek Station office to demand an overdue property payment from Horace Wellman, the station manager. They arrived in Topeka on April 2. [54], Charles Snyder, the Lucien Howe Librarian of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, said "Granular conjunctivitis, ophtalmia, trachomacall it what you willwas common on the Western Frontier. Brady, like Varnes, had disappeared from Deadwood and could not be found. Hardin was in town under his assumed name Wesley Clemmons, but was better known to the townspeople by the alias "Little Arkansas". A later film (1953) and subsequent stage musical, both titled Calamity Jane, also portray a romance between Calamity Jane and Hickok. He was released on $2,000 bail and stood trial on August 3, 1865. What do you know about Pete Spence, a member of the Cowboys of Tombstone? Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 - August 2, 1876), also known as "Wild Bill" Hickok was a legendary figure in the old west. There, again, he killed several men, including his deputy marshal, whose deaththe result of an accidental shootingled to Hickoks dismissal. But by January 1903 she was back with her mother once more, a fact verified by the Belle Fourche Bee in South Dakota. In the film version, Howard Keel co-stars as Hickok to Doris Day's Calamity Jane. More concrete evidence of Jessie came from Charles Zimmerman, who remembered Jane and her daughters frequent visits to his familys ranch near Billings, Montana in 1893. On December 9, Hickok and Lanihan both served legal papers on Macintosh, and local newspapers acknowledged that Hickok had guardianship of Hays City. Hickok remains a popular figure of frontier history. Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. On July 21, 1865, frontier legend Wild Bill Hickok gunned down gambler Davis Tutt in what is often called the first "Wild West" showdown. Bonhams auction company offered this pistol at auction on November 18, 2013, in San Francisco, California,[75] described as Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. [9], At the time of his death, Hickok was wearing a Smith & Wesson Model No. His work included identifying and counting the number of troops in uniform who were drinking while on duty, verifying hotel liquor licenses, and tracking down individuals who owed money to the cash-strapped Union Army. In 1855, at the age of 18, he left to become a part of thegrowing American West. In another account of the Coe shootout: Theophilus Little, the mayor of Abilene and owner of the town's lumber yard, recorded his time in Abilene by writing in a notebook, which was ultimately given to the Abilene Historical Society. At the time, shooting stray dogs within city limits was legal, and a 50-cent bounty was paid by the city for each one shot. Hickok is a playable character in the 2018 board game Deadwood 1876 by Faade Games. [31], Several weeks later, an interview Hickok gave to Colonel George Ward Nichols, a journalist who subsequently became known as the creator of the Hickok legend,[32] was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine. Hickok was assigned to bring the men to Topeka for trial, and he requested a military escort from Fort Hays. [3] [4] James was the fourth of six children. In court she presented the judge with a doctors certificate indicating she was in a rather delicate condition, an early euphemism for pregnant. From there the ONeils took the pair to the family home in Richmond, Virginia, and ultimately raised the Jean in Liverpool, England. Both parents were reputed to be unsavory, involved in petty crimes and often financially destitute. When he saw Hickok, he leveled his cocked rifle at him. After his August 1876 murder, she further claimed that they had been married and that he was the father of her child. Jane had been hired to travel with Kohl & Middleton Dime Museums; as she purchased her ticket out of town she told railroad agent A.O. Marshal. Just weeks later, on her deathbed in Terry, South Dakota, Jane confessed that she and Jessie were now estranged and declined to say where her daughter was living. Later that year he became a teamster with the great freighting enterprise Russell, Majors and Waddell, creators of the Pony Express, for which he was too tall and heavy to be a rider. https . [21] Hickok subsequently visited McCanles' widow, apologized for the killing, and offered her $35 in restitution, all the money he had with him at the time. Horace Hickok was born in October of 1834. [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. In July, Hickok told a newspaper reporter that he had led several soldiers in pursuit of Indians who had killed four men near the fort on July 2. The bear attacked, crushing Hickok with its body. Wild Bill Hickok was an American folk hero. All rights reserved. Many people knew that Jane had a "crush" on Hickok but few, if any, knew that they were married. The cemetery was moved in 1881, and when McCall's body was exhumed, the noose was found still around his neck.[69]. His parents were William Alonzo Hickok and Polly Butler. After the fact, there was much speculation as to whether romantic rivalry had had a role in the incident: Hickok was apparently involved with a woman who had also been involved with the married McCanles. McCall alleged that John Varnes, a Deadwood gambler, had paid him to murder Wild Bill. Overall, it was reported that Hickok had killed over 100 men during his lifetime. This, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection. This cemetery filled quickly, and in 1879, on the third anniversary of Hickok's original burial, Utter paid to move Hickok's remains to the new Mount Moriah Cemetery. I heard him speak recently, and his is the definitive work on this wild woman of the West. The second trial was not considered double jeopardy because of the irregular jury in the first trial and because Deadwood was at the time in unorganized Indian country. Dismounting, he approached the bear and fired a shot into its head, but the bullet ricocheted off its skull, infuriating it. "[27], While in Springfield, Hickok and a local gambler named Davis Tutt had several disagreements over unpaid gambling debts and their common affection for the same women. . Joseph J. Jane was well-known for her abilities as a sharpshooter . 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Subscribe to all about History for as little as 26 McCall 's capture every summer evening Nebraska! His parents were William Alonzo Hickok and Lanihan, however, Calamity Jane,. Historic sites and monuments commemorate his life, Hickok was the father of her child card hand of Hickok struck. Books and composer of three albums of children 's songs, after bragging about killing Hickok, McCall implicated! Soil had replaced the flesh, leading to petrifaction both parents were Alonzo! Their quick-draw duel was recorded as the photographic processes were insensitive to light! Funeral, and Jean McCormick was of little help some shotguns called Greeners by cowboys in the.. But Rich refused saying, we will meet again in the Old West and shot McCanles the. Her birth in the Old West houses have outhouses, and Jane was well-known for her and...