IFN-gamma production by CD-1 spleen cells in response to concanavalin A (Con A, 1microg/ml) was 8-fold greater than that by BALB/c spleen cells. The American with Disabilities Act (ADA) states that service animals cannot be prohibited from any area. In particular, this includes questions about social justice, certain aspects of rational choice theory, and other areas of applied ethics (such as education, information technology, and environmentalism). These data show that GM-CSF in vivo blocks the in vivo immunosuppressive effects of DEX on BAM killing of conidia and suggest a potential use of GM-CSF in patients at risk for aspergillosis due to immunosuppressive DEX treatment. Copyright FameChain 2023, All rights reserved. Thus, we propose that the fos-1 two-component histidine kinase is a virulence factor of A. fumigatus. Calderon, L., WILLIAMS, R., Martinez, M., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Efficacy of micafungin alone or in combination against systemic murine aspergillosis. Anna is an archaeologist, specialising in ancient Egypt, with research interests that include urbanism, lived religion and cultural interaction in the ancient world. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.00933-12, View details for Web of Science ID 000308807900041. Significant differences in the ability to grow at 39 and 42 degrees C were observed when the virulent and intermediate classes were compared with the avirulent class. Given the greater than 90% lethality of clinical central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis despite current therapies, there is a need for an animal model to study therapeutic strategies. View details for DOI 10.3109/08820139.2012.692418, View details for Web of Science ID 000311897400004. In view of the changing treatment of pulmonary fungal infections, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group of experts in fungal infections to develop a concise clinical statement of current therapeutic options for those fungal infections of particular relevance to pulmonary and critical care practice. Consistent with the in vitro enhancement of effector cell function by IFN-gamma, in vivo therapy with IFN-gamma significantly (P<0.0001) improved survival of BALB/c mice with pulmonary blastomycosis. Acclaimed for his research on the Big Bend region and the Porvenir Massacre, David Keller was suddenly marched out . View details for DOI 10.3109/13693786.2011.577822, View details for Web of Science ID 000295893300006. Chitin increased 898%, demonstrating a mechanism for paradoxical growth-a rapid shift in the key polymer. No antifungal regimen effected cure. The use of AmBi with CAS or VCZ at optimal doses did not improve efficacy. ITZ-A suspension was prepared by mixing contents of commercially available capsules with hydrochloric acid and orange juice. Reduction of the inoculum to 5.5 x 10(6) conidia was lethal, but comparison showed KO mice less susceptible to lethal infection (P<0.015). View details for Web of Science ID 000172543800007. The archaeologist, professor and author of 22 books, Starbuck unearthed artifacts at forts and battlefields in New York and Shaker villages in New Hampshire. Single or multiple-day VRC dosing via IV or PO routes at differing dosages resulted in tissue concentrations that were below the HPLC assay's limit of detection (0.1 g VRC per g tissue). Fluconazole at 25 mg/kg cured no infection in any tissue, whereas 25 mg of ravuconazole/kg cleared infection in all tissues from 50% of mice. Winzeler, E. A., Richards, D. R., Conway, A. R., Goldstein, A. L., Kalman, S., McCullough, M. J., McCusker, J. H., Stevens, D. A., Wodicka, L., Lockhart, D. J., Davis, R. W. Stevens, D. A., Walsh, T. J., Bistoni, F., Cenci, E., Clemons, K. V., Del Sero, G., d'Ostiani, C. F., Kullberg, B. J., Mencacci, A., Roilides, E., Romani, L. Intergenic transcribed spacer PCR ribotyping for differentiation of Saccharomyces species and interspecific hybrids. Chiller, T. M., Luque, J. C., Sobel, R. A., Farrokhshad, K., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Efficacy of intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) against coccidioidal meningitis in rabbits. Initial attempts at environmental isolation as primary cultures, including a 4% salt agar plate, or initial incubation in 6.5% salt broth enrichment culture with subculture to agar, to exploit the halophilicity of Halomonas, were successful in demonstrating the colonies seen in the blood cultures, only from sites not contaminated with other organisms, because of competing growth. Clemons, K. V., Miller, T. K., Selitrennikoff, C. P., Stevens, D. A. Therapy with intravenous ABLC or AmBi at 7.5 or 15 mg/kg of body weight or sterile 5% dextrose water (D5W) began 5 days later. Male New Zealand White rabbits were infected with 5 x 10(4) Coccidioides posadasii arthroconidia by direct cisternal puncture. Self - Marine Archaeologist 1 episode . GM-CSF given 24 h before DEX resulted in blocking of DEX suppression of BAM conidiacidal activity. VCZ at 0.01 and 0.05 microg ml(-1) alone resulted in 48% inhibition and 19% killing (n = 6). Kim, K. K., Lee, K. C., Jeong, H., Stevens, D. A., Lee, J. Cytokines from lymphocyte supernatants and antibody to glycans in serum collected from HKY-vaccinated mice were measured by ELISA. To assess the virulence of petites in vivo, two mouse models, CD-1 and DBA/ 2N, were infected i.v. Heerlijk was het om gisteren samen met Thomas Bronselaer 2 uur te spreken over waar we staan, bijna 5 jaar na de invoering van de AVG. Intravenous therapy should be used initially in rapidly progressing disease (BIII). Pulmonary aspergillosis following bone marrow transplantation carries a mortality of 94%, irrespective of current treatment. Subcutaneous HKY is an effective vaccine against Aspergillus, Coccidioides or Candida challenge. Five types of murine models are studied and include primary pulmonary disease, intraperitoneal with dissemination, intravenous infection emulating systemic disease, and intracranial or intrathecal infection emulating meningeal disease. This model is useful in studies of host response, as well as in therapy studies. Born December 22, 1940 Died July 17, 2018 (77) Add or change photo on IMDbPro Add to list Nominated for 1 Oscar There is an important need for generation of consensus definitions of outcomes of IFD that will form a standard for evaluating treatment success and failure in clinical trials. Liked by David Stevens. These infections were not fatal. Hope, W. W., Goodwin, J., Felton, T. W., Ellis, M., Stevens, D. A. Oral itraconazole is an alternative for patients who can take oral medication, are likely to be adherent, can be demonstrated (by serum level monitoring) to absorb the drug, and lack the potential for interaction with other drugs (BII). Mammalian estradiol influence on Paracoccidioides pathogenesis was investigated by focusing on the block of morphogenetic transformation, the role of the fungal estradiol-binding protein, and production of estrogenic ligands by the fungus. Brown, E. M., McTaggart, L. R., Zhang, S. X., Low, D. E., Stevens, D. A., Richardson, S. E. Vaccination with mannan protects mice against systemic aspergillosis. Transfusions given every other day did not improve protection. Murine models of infection are used most often for these studies and provide numerous advantages, including availability of immunological reagents, many strains with defined genetics, and ease of handling and cost considerations. View details for Web of Science ID 000230724800021. Topical rhMBL cream in combination with itraconazole resulted in a 3-fold improvement in clearance of the yeast compared with sole itraconazole therapy. We also discuss potential pitfalls in assessing outcome, such as conflicting clinical, radiological, and/or mycological data and gaps in knowledge. A 16.5% salt concentration in brain-heart infusion broth, incubated at 35 degrees C for 48-72 hours, then subcultured to agar plates incubated in room air at 35 degrees C, proved optimal for selection and secondary isolation. Quantitative histological analyses demonstrated that only normal male and castrated reconstituted mice developed granulomas, which decreased in number and size with time correlating with increasing numbers of CFU in the lungs. In vitro studies and some animal studies almost always indicate an absence of antagonism when caspofungin is combined with azole or polyene antifungal agents. From online or printed sources and from publicly accessible databases. All infected rabbits had neurological abnormalities and severe vasculitis in the basilar arteries on days 9-20. Alice Roberts and David Stevens have been married for 22 years. By contrast, PM from BALB/c mice did not significantly kill Bd (14%) but were activated by IFN-gamma for significant killing (24%). trivia, Halomonas stevensii is a Gram-negative, moderately halophilic bacterium causing environmental contamination and infections in a dialysis center. At 50 mg/kg, itraconazole and fluconazole were equivalent, whereas itraconazole at 10 or 25 mg/kg prolonged survival compared to that achieved with fluconazole at these dosages (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). These analyses emphasize the diversity of mechanisms that result in a phenotype of azole resistance. qPCR showed increased burdens in kidneys, but CFU enumeration did not. View details for DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.012401-0, View details for Web of Science ID 000271440200011. The first study evaluated in vivo release of ITZ from subcutaneously injected controlled-release gel formulations and the second study compared pharmacokinetic parameters for two ITZ oral suspensions. Candida parapsilosis family has 3 proposed species: C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida metapsilosis. In an IFA study with B. dermatitidis, serum with an anti-mouse IgG conjugate did not result in fluorescence, yet serum blocked IFA staining of B. dermatitidis by anti-1,3-beta-glucan IgG antibody. John Lloyd Stephens, (born Nov. 28, 1805, Shrewsbury, N.J., U.S.died Oct. 12, 1852, New York City), American traveler and archaeologist whose exploration of Maya ruins in Central America and Mexico (1839-40 and 1841-42) generated the archaeology of Middle America. Interestingly, six of eight known vaginal isolates were group B, with four of those six being identical. Zucker, K. E., Kamberi, P., Sobel, R. A., Cloud, G., Meli, D. N., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A., Williams, P. L., Leib, S. L. Efficacy of micafungin alone or in combination against experimental pulmonary aspergillosis, Susceptibility to pulmonary blastomycosis in young compared to adult mice: immune deficiencies in young mice. Williams, P. L., Leib, S. L., Kamberi, P., Leppert, D., Sobel, R. A., Bifrare, Y. D., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. DNA binding compounds targeting fungal pathogens: an emerging concept in the discovery of novel antifungal agents. David Stevens's current partners: David Stevens's wife is Alice Roberts. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a hypersensitivity disorder that can progress from an acute phase to chronic disease. In general, posaconazole therapy was well tolerated, with 12 of 20 patients reporting adverse events that were possibly or probably related to treatment. We hypothesize that the RCC became contaminated with these halophilic organisms from bicarbonate used to prepare dialysis fluid, and they persist despite cleaning and flushing procedures because of biofilm in machines and bicarbonate fluid inflow sites. Regulation of bronchoalveolar macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by dexamethasone and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after stimulation by Aspergillus conidia or lipopolysaccharide, Resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Co-dominant PCR-based markers utilizing five separate PCR fingerprints were obtained in the present investigation. Micafungin, a new echinocandin, inhibits fungal cell wall beta-glucan synthesis. Weger, S. D., Ganji, A., Clemons, K. V., Byron, J. K., Minn, Y., Stevens, D. A. Homozygosity at the Candida albicans MTL locus associated with azole resistance. Isolates were recovered from multiple body sites of 23 patients (n = 180) from 1994 to 1995 and from 29 patients (n = 45) from 1997 to 2002; these plus 2 from the hospital kitchen were identified as S. cerevisiae. In a screen of drugs previously tested in humans we identified itraconazole, a systemic antifungal, as a potent antagonist of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway that acts by a mechanism distinct from its inhibitory effect on fungal sterol biosynthesis. Abelcet at 4 or 8 mg/kg were equivalent to AmB in reducing cfu from both organs (P > 0.05); AmB was superior to 0.8 mg/kg of Abelcet in the brain only (P < 0.02). Oxford University Press and Hurst Publishers. A 56-year-old diabetic man presented with left upper lobe collapse and postobstructive pneumonitis. Born Alice May Roberts on 19th May, 1973 in Bristol, England, UK and educated at Redmaids' High School, she is famous for Time Team, Coast, Dr Alice Roberts: Don`t Die Young in a career that spans 2012 > present (Professor of Public Engagement with Science at Birmingham University) and 2005 > present (author) and 2009 > present (radio) and 1997 > 1998 (junior medical doctor) and 2009 > present (Director of Anatomy for the NHS Severn Deanery School of Surgery) and [????] Unlike GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor did not block DEX suppression of BAMs. Ancient city of Yaxchilan hidden in the jungle in the borderland of Mexico and Guatemala. However, communication between compartments and streaming of nuclei makes defining a cell of a hyphal organism difficult and the best method for quantification of the hyphal organism remains controversial. Combinations of AmBi plus CAS or MICA prolonged survival, but were not better than monotherapy. Overall, animal models of fungal infection will continue to be valuable tools in addressing questions concerning fungal infections and contribute to our deeper understanding of how these infections occur, progress and can be controlled and eliminated. Intraparenchymal abscesses with inflammatory cells in their peripheries were found beginning on day 10. The motivation is to understand the role of the ocean in the climate system. de Pauw, B., Walsh, T. J., Donnelly, J. P., Stevens, D. A., Edwards, J. E., Calandra, T., Pappas, P. G., Maertens, J., Lortholary, O., Kauffman, C. A., Denning, D. W., Patterson, T. F., Maschmeyer, G., Bille, J., Dismukes, W. E., Herbrecht, R., Hope, W. W., Kibbler, C. C., Kullberg, B. J., Marr, K. A., Munoz, P., Odds, F. C., Perfect, J. R., Restrepo, A., Ruhnke, M., Segal, B. H., Sobel, J. D., Sorrell, T. C., Viscoli, C., Wingard, J. R., Zaoutis, T., Bennett, J. E. Comparison of lipid amphotericin B preparations in treating murine zygomycosis. We examined the effects of immunodeficiency and glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression on systemic murine infection induced by i.v. The findings of the present study suggest that some S. cerevisiae strains may possess properties permitting persistence in the human host. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dept. SCID and immunocompetent BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with Coccidioidal meningitis is lethal in humans. 3rd year: Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations, Dynamical Oceanography, Dynamical Meteorology. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has been shown, over many decades of clinical observation and bench research, to be central to the outcome of invasive fungal infections. Why severity varies in blastomycosis outbreaks remains unresolved. These facts, together with recent advances in vaccine science, make consideration of such an approach now possible. 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