The majority of Kashmiri Brahmins are Krkuns, and this is likely due to the conversion of the majority of Kashmiris to Islam, which led to a decrease in demand for Hindu priests, which led most Kashmiri Brahmins to seek secular employment. For instance, it suggests that a threat asking Kashmiri Pandits to leave the Valley was issued in Al-Safa before the exodus, thereby contributing to the forced migration. Habibullah wrote he also appealed to Jagmohan that he telecast an appeal to Pandits that they stay in Kashmir, assuring their safety on the basis of the assurance of the Anantnag residents. Surinder Kaul, Co-founder of GKPD, said that Kashmiri Pandits' genocide is continuing even today and every death is bringing the community closer to extinction. In 2020, Kashmiri became an official language in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir for the first time.. Kashmiri is closely related to Poguli and Kishtwari, which are spoken in the The Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah In agreement with the Central government accepted their demands and freed the jailed terrorists. The day marks the beginning of the genocide and ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits on a mass scale that ultimately culminated in the complete exodus of the aboriginal indigenous people that represented a civilisation that was more than 5,000 years old. WebBoth BJP and Congress enjoyed the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits because 1) they never cared about people 2) it was actually helping them to secure their vote bank. [61] Scholar Alexander Evans estimates by 1990, there would have been 160,000170,000 Pandits in the Kashmir Valley. Gul Shah formed the government with support from the Congress at the state-level as well as the central. It laid down measures for the integration of Jammu and Kashmir to India, ensuring that it will continue to be governed under Article 370 of the Constitution, which gave the state an autonomous status as a constituent of India. The Kashmiri Pandits (also known as Kashmiri Brahmins)[7] are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. What is a whip in a state Assembly or Parliament? Sanjay Kumar, the father of three minor children who worked as a bank security guard, was shot dead in Achan Jammu and Kashmir Governor Jagmohan Malhotra, dictated by the Centre, orchestrated the replacement of Abdullah with his brother-in-law Ghulam Shah, who had rebelled against his family and pioneered another faction of the National Conference. Several Hindu temples and houses were targeted in the city. Subscribe To Our Daily Newsletter And Get News Delivered Straight To Your Inbox. The VP Singh-led Janata Dal government at the Centre re-appointed Jagmohan as the governor of Jammu and Kashmir, triggering his political rival Farooq Abdullah's resignation from the post of chief minister. Yearly Plan. Much has changed in Jammu and Kashmir. Kashmiri Pandits observe Holocaust Day to mark 30 years of mass exodus from Valley. [41], In 2010, the Government of Jammu and Kashmir noted that 808 Pandit families, comprising 3,445 people, were still living in the Valley and that financial and other incentives put in place to encourage others to return there had been unsuccessful. Pandits have generally been in favor of Kashmirs closer integration with India. [27][28], In the 1981 census, the Kashmir Division had 124,078 Hindus, the majority of whom were Pandits. You are not allowed to edit this article at this level. Instead, the notorious governor said that if the Pandits decided to leave, refugee camps had been set up for them and the departing civil servants would be continued to be paid their salaries. With the completion of fifth year of their forced exile, this peace loving, culturally rich community with a history of more than 5000 years, is fighting a grim battle to save itself from becoming extinct as a distinct race and culture. A majority of the Pandit refugees still live in refugee camps with spiralling health and economic problems. He also demanded that a probe be conducted to ascertain on whose orders a total of 70 terrorists were released in Jammu and Kashmir in 1989. Tension and killings in various parts of the state are ongoing phenomena. 20 per cent of them left the valley as a consequence of the 1950 land reforms,[27] and by 1981 the Pandit population amounted to 5 per cent of the total. (Or if they're ordered by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos. He respected the learning of these Pandits, to whom he gave land as well as encouraging those who had left to return. Some items were elaborate, such as the peacock shoes known as mayuropanah worn by followers of fashion, and steel-soled shoes adorned with floral designs, lubricated internally with beeswax. A governor of this administration was ruling in Jammu and Kashmir. Dr. Sudha Ramachandran is an independent journalist/researcher based in Bangalore, India. The government of India has identified three major schemes taken up by it for the rehabilitation of Kashmiri Pandits. As per the estimates, 650 Pandits were killed during this time. The 1989 capitulation to the JKLF in the kidnapping of Mufti Sayeeds daughter set the stage for the next decade. [22], Butshikan's heir, the devout Muslim Zain-ul-Abidin (142374), was tolerant of Hindus to the extent of sanctioning a return to Hinduism of those who had been forcibly converted to the Muslim faith, as well as becoming involved in the restoration of temples. According to accounts published by many eminent Kashmiri Pandits, there were threatening slogans over loudspeakers from mosques, and on the streets. It was replaced by Urdu in 1889 during the Dogra rule. These organisations are involved in rehabilitation of the community in the valley through peace negotiations, mobilisation of human rights groups and job creation for the Pandits. immediately after Independence in 1947. WebThe Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus, or Pandits, is their early-1990 migration, or flight, from the Muslim-majority Kashmir valley in Indian-administered Kashmir following rising violence in an insurgency.Of a total Pandit population of 120,000140,000 some 90,000100,000 left the valley or felt compelled to leave, and about 30 were killed. WebThe Exodus It was 19 th of January, 1990 and days were cold and nights bitter, though there was no snow on the ground. The flight continued until 2000. With hastily packed belongings and terror in their hearts, Kashmiri Pandits who survived the night fled the Valley on 20 January morning and the weeks that followed, becoming refugees in their homeland. Asia, Central Most of the Kashmiris fled during late hours, under the cover of the night. [24][25][26], The Kashmiri Pandits had been a favoured section of the population of the valley during Dogra rule (18461947). After their husbands killings, these women desperately sought to protect their sons from ongoing violence, even as they are largely shunned by society. Muslims argue that by arranging for buses to transport Pandits out of the Valley, Jagmohan facilitated their flight, paving the way for the Indian security forces to launch an all-out military offensive against Muslims. However, 30 years after they were forced to flee their homes, the safe and dignified return of Pandits to the Kashmir Valley remains a distant dream. Swamy's remarks come in the midst of a controversy over the movie 'The Kashmir Anti-India sentiment has undergone changes not just in its intensity but the way it is articulated. Citizens of Jammu took to the streets to protest the erection of the masjid on the secretariat premises. Wherever they live, their memories of events in 1989-90 remain vivid as are their rather idyllic recollections of their lives before their flight from the Valley. Foreign affairs, defence and communications remained the preserve of the central government. As many as 36,289 (till December 30, 2003) lives have been lost. "[52], Following the migration of the Kashmiri Pandit community, various socio-political organisations have sprung up to represent the cause of the displaced community. 30 years after they were forced to flee, the return of Hindu Pandits to the Kashmir Valley remains a distant dream. Hit lists of Pandits were in circulation. In the decades since the Pandit exodus, Kashmir has seen immense bloodshed. Asia, Pacific He operated a meritocracy and both Brahmins and Buddhists were among his closest advisors. A large number settled in the Jammu Division of the State and the National Capital Region of India. At that time, Mr Chowdhury said, the then Congress president and Leader of Opposition Rajiv Gandhi had raised his voice against the exodus of people from Kashmir, and asked the then government to stop it "anyhow", warning that people of the country would not accept it. [58] and the Anantnag district, where they were 7.84 percent of the population. openlibrary.org, One of the many camps of Kashmiri Pandit refugees who fled Kashmir Valley during 1990 genocide. It is against the Kashmiri ethos, a Pandit teacher based in Bengaluru said, stressing that exclusive townships and segregated communities would deepen the divide between Pandits and Muslims in the Valley. The migrants included some Pandits, although it is possible that some of this community relocated for economic reasons as much as to escape the new rulers. Men, too, might adopt stylish arrangements and wear flowers in their hair, if they had the financial means to do so. [33] The nature of the planned exodus has remain controversial, with the involvement of then Governor Jagmohan in organising a clandestine exodus been a subject of controversy. [56][57] They were distributed into the two districts of Valley, the Baramulla district, where Hindus constituted 2.1 percent of the population; 12,919 Hindus out of 612,428 total. Many scholars and media houses have compared the genocide with that of Holocaust. Power, Crossroads Money, Tokyo [48] Many Orders, Circulars and recommendations have been issued for relief of Kashmiri Pandits. It was not until the fourteenth century that Muslim rule was finally established in the Valley and when this happened it did not occur primarily as a consequence of invasion so much as because of internal problems resulting from the weak rule and corruption endemic in the Hindu Lohara dynasty. What is the truth of the 1990s Kashmiri Pandit migration? Jammu, UPDATED: Oct 8, 2021 18:18 IST. [47], There are zones set up with offices for relief. What is the truth of the 1990s Kashmiri Pandit migration? I've heard cases. Pandits are apprehensive that they will be targeted by Islamists if they return home. Waves of panic hit the community, especially after a local newspaper published an anonymous message, allegedly from the Hizb-ul Mujahideen, asking Pandits to leave. Asia, Asia With tensions peaking, hundreds of Pandit families began their journey out of the Valley. While India would like the current phase of stability at the LoC to continue, it has little incentive to try to make a grand gesture toward peace with Pakistan. [73][74], The Kashmiri Pandits have a tradition of consuming meat, including mutton and fish, but they obey restrictions laid down by the shastras of not eating the meat of forbidden animals such as beef and pork. Lalitaditya's predecessor, Ranaditya, is said to have built the first sun temple. Just around 600 Pandit families stayed in the Valley. The deadly attack on security forces in Indian Kashmir has Kashmiris in the rest of India afraid for their safety. Twenty-four Hindus, including two children, were lined up outside their houses and shot dead by terrorists who belonged to the outfit, Lashkar-e-Taiba. Speeches were made extolling Pakistan and the supremacy of Islam, and against Hinduism. Kashmiri Pandits are Hindu Kashmiris native to the Kashmir Valley, and the only remaining Hindu Kashmiris after the large-scale of conversion of the Valley's population to Islam during the medieval times. There is little incentive for us to return to the Valley, says the Pandit teacher, drawing attention to the insecurity, lack of economic development and job prospects in Kashmir. However, the problems of Kashmiri Pandits have not In Jammus Jagti migrant camp, where at least 20,000 migrant Kashmiri Pandits live, the residents have been protesting for the past 146 days. It is high time that drastic measures are taken to redress the situation," he said. What was the UN event representatives of Kailasa attended? The debate surrounding the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits has been reignited following the release of a film on it -- 'The Kashmir Files'. [55], According to the 1941 census, there were 78,800 Kashmiri Pandits in the Kashmir Valley. [59], Scholar Christopher Snedden states that the Pandits made up about 6 per cent of the Kashmir Valley's population in 1947. The Pandits have rejected rehabilitation proposals to Valley several times, indicating that they were not willing to become cannon-fodder for politicians who cannot guarantee their security. They blame the then-Jammu and Kashmir governor, Jagmohan, for the Pandit exodus. Us, Write .. Advertisement .. Rajiv Gandhi Urged VP Singh Government To Stop Exodus Of Hindus From Kashmir: Congress, "Eknath Shinde Could Not Have Become Chief Minister If": Supreme Court, "If Manish Sisodia Joins BJP Today": Arvind Kejriwal Targets PM Modi, "Playing For Country": Gavaskar Blasts Gill For Calling Physio Mid-Over, In Telangana Death By Suicide, Student's Heart-Breaking Apology To Mother, Nithyananda's 'Republic Of Kailasa' At UN Meet. While they were left unharmed for the most part, terror groups like the Lashkar-e-Taiba massacred Pandits at Sangrampora (1997), Wandhama (1998), and Nandimarg (2003). PM Rajiv Gandhis tenure ended on 2nd December 1989. We will go back on our own terms," Kashmiri Samiti president Sunil Shakdher said in August 2002 in response to the then Farooq Abdullah regimes proposed rehabilitation agenda. On January 19, Kashmiri Pandits across the world observed Holocaust Day. It was on that day 30 years ago that the Pandit exodus from the Kashmir Valley began. The longing to return to the Valley did not diminish over the years, though it may have become more an idea than a real ambition. for Us, opposition to such Pandit-only settlements. He asked Kashmiri Muslims to make Pandits feel more secure. ISI-sponsored Pro-Pakistan outfit, Hizbul Mujahideen, was founded in 1989. Journalist-lawyer Prem Nath Bhat was shot dead in Anantnag on December 27. Because the truth is worth it.). "Ralive-Tsalive-Ya Galive" is a famous rallying call from the time, translating to "convert-leave Kashmir-or perish.". What It Said, S Jaishankar's "Firm" Reply To UK Minister Who Raised BBC Tax Row: Sources, Tunisha Sharma Case: In-Camera Hearing Allowed On Sheezan Khan's Bail Plea, Protests Break Out Over Alleged Army Custodial Death In Jammu And Kashmir, 'Fear UP Cops Will Kill Me': Gangster-Politician Goes To Supreme Court, Cabinet Okays Signing Of Contract With L&T For 3 Cadet Training Ships, Traffic Hit In Delhi Ahead Of G20 Foreign Ministers Meet, Rahul Gandhi Talks About The "Art Of Listening" At Cambridge University, This website follows the DNPA Code of Ethics. A large number of Hindu houses were attacked, shops looted, and temples vandalised in Vanpoh, Anantnag, and Sopore, among others. However, Zulju was probably not a Muslim. [49][50][51], The Jammu And Kashmir Migrant Immovable Property (Preservation, Protection And Restraint on Distress Sales) Act, 1997, provides that "Any person who is an unauthorised occupant or recipient of any usufruct of any immovable property of the migrant shall pay to the migrant such compensation for the period of unauthorised occupation and in such a manner as may be determined by the District Magistrate. On the day of 8 December 1989, the kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed was carried out by members of the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), a Kashmiri terrorist separatist organisation, in Jammu and Kashmir. Congress' leader in Lok Sabha Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury on Monday sought to corner the ruling BJP over the exodus of minorities from Kashmir in 1990s, saying then Leader of Opposition Rajiv Gandhi had urged the then VP Singh government to intervene and stop the "atrocities" being committed on Kashmiri Pandits and Sikhs. Around 9 PM, loud and thunderous Islamic and pro-Pakistan slogans raised collectively by a multitude of humanity and relayed through powerful loudspeakers almost pierced ear drums. An Indian paramilitary soldier takes a selfie as Kashmiri Hindu devotees known as pandits offer prayers during the annual festival at the Kheer Bhawani temple in Tul Mul, outskirts of Srinagar, India, June 20, 2018. The outcome of this shift both in population and in religion was that the Kashmir Valley became a predominantly Muslim region. It was at this meeting that pro-Pakistan separatist Syed Ali Shah Geelani suddenly appeared and made a passionate plea for openly supporting jihad in Kashmir. The mass exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits began. Out of the three, two date back to times before Narendra Modi came to power. Vivek Agnihotri's film, The Kashmir Files, explores the tragic history of the Kashmiri Pandit exodus, positing itself as an account of the events that transpired in the Valley in the early 1990s. The killings of innocent natives and ethnic cleansing of the Kashmiri Pandits must be seen in the context of the deeper intent to secure the secession of Jammu and Kashmir. An eye-witness report by two investigative journalists on the ground in Prato, Italy. What happened in January 1990 is bitterly contested. Sanjay Tickoo, a Kashmiri Pandit was barely 20-years-old in 1989-90, when he witnessed what came to be known as the "Kashmiri Pandit Exodus". As the numbers arriving in Jammu increased from thousands to tens of thousands over the first few months of 1990, a mostly middle-class community found itself living in tents in squalid, filthy camps far removed from the homes they had left behind. Bal Thackeray from Maharashtra got seats reserved in engineering colleges for the children of these Pandits. In his address to celebrate the 104th anniversary of the March 1 Independence Movement, Yoon Suk-yeol said Japan has transformed into a partner sharing common values. [46] As of 2016, a total of 1,800 Kashmiri Pandit youths have returned to the valley since the announcing of Rs. Amid great power competition, life in the China-Russia borderlands reveals the paradoxes underpinning the Beijing-Moscow friendship. A lot has changed since then but the more things change the more they remain the same. Happy Editing! She write read more, Copyright 2023 The Indian Express [P] Ltd. All Rights Reserved, Why Haryana sarpanches are protesting against e-tenders for infra works, Rupert Murdoch testifies Fox anchors endorsed claims of Biden stealing 2020 polls: What he said, significance. This led to huge disaffection and political instability. [20][21] It was during the 14th century that the Kashmiri Pandits likely split into their three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). But local politicians said the situation was far from normal, and Militancy was gathering momentum and anti-India sentiments were running strong. Further, the film shows that Al-Safa carried a threat commanding Kashmiri Pandits to leave the Valley before the night of the exodus 'Al-Safa, Pandit dafa,' a child holding the newspaper recites in the movie. [64] Wanvun singing is an integral part of Kashmiri Pandit religious ceremonies. This article is protected. Track Latest News Live on NDTV.com and get news updates from India and around the world. The most prominent among these are the All India Kashmiri Samaj or AIKS, All India Kashmiri Pandit conference, Panun Kashmir & Kashmiri Samiti. [36][37], Some Hindus across India tried to help the Pandits. Successive governments have promised that they will help this process, but the situation on the ground in Kashmir has meant this remains only an intention. The Genocide of Kashmiri Hindus who are also called Kashmiri Pandits, was seventh ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits by radical Islamists in Kashmir Valley around 1990. In the decades since the Pandit exodus, Kashmir has seen immense bloodshed. kashmiri pandit man Latest Breaking News, Pictures, Videos, and Special Reports from The Economic Times. This decision had helped catalyse the Kashmir genocide's bloody 1990s chapter. A highly literate community, they were disproportionately represented in the Kashmir bureaucracy as well as in the teaching, legal, and medical professions, prompting resentment among other communities in the Valley, especially Muslims, who comprise over 95 percent of the population. They wanted sharia rule in Kashmir, Dhar said, adding that the Pandits had no choice but to leave their homes. In 2011 as per government estimates, about 2,700 to 3,400 Pandits were in the Valley. [17], The Brahmins had something to be particularly unhappy about during the reign of the last Lohara king, for Shadeva chose to include them in his system of onerous taxation, whereas previously they appear to have been exempted. On 21 January 1990, two days into the governor's rule, the paramilitary troops of the Central Police Reserve Force (CRPF) opened fire on a group of protesting The Valleys BJP leader Tika Lal Taploo was shot dead on September 13. It has waxed and waned over the years, as has public support for it. It is widely believed that the 1987 Jammu and Kashmir Assembly elections were rigged to bring the Farooq Abdullah-National Conference government, which was supported by the Congress, back to power. Get briefed on the story of the week, and developing stories to watch across the Asia-Pacific. At the minimum level, these terms would include security to life and property and, at a broader level, a consensual rehabilitation scheme.[ref]. As many as 75,343 Kashmiri Pandits are estimated to have fled in January 1990, with about 70,000 more following till March, as per the Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti. The LG administration and the central government are primarily concerned with addressing security problems. As chief minister Shivraj Singh Chouhanwatched the film with his cabinet colleagues and the state BJPtop brass at a drive-in theatre in the state capital on Wednesday, Digvijaya tweeted, The exodus of Kashmiri Pandits occurred when Congress was in Opposition. The exodus took place at the same time that the BJP was upping the ante across northern India, and over the years, the plight of Kashmiri Pandits has become a potent Hindutva issue. Congress was in opposition during Kashmir Pandit exodus: Madhya Pradesh ex-CM Digvijaya Singh Waiting for the triple product launch & spec reveal by OnePlus on 28th April? That changed in 1989-90. [65] The Mata Kheerbhawani[66] temple shrine in Srinagar, considered one of the holiest Hindu shrines, saw the largest gathering of Kashmiri Pandits in the Kashmir valley in 2012. It was replaced by Urdu in 1889 during the Dogra rule. She writes on South Asian political and security issues. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [67][failed verification] The shrine is located in Tullamulla village, 24km from Srinagar in Ganderbal district. The blatant electoral engineering, which disillusioned many Kashmiri youth, became a watershed event in Kashmir's political landscape and catalysed further insurgency. Short answer: Because of carelessness, lack of courage/desire and vote-bank politics of State and Central government. Long Answer: To know the reas WebThe Kashmiri Pandit exodus remains the biggest instance of ethnic cleansing of a community 1989, the Central Government completely lost its authority in JK. Singh to appoint Jagmohan as the governor of the state. He was one of the first persons to help them after which Punjab also followed suit. The Kashmiri Muslim view of the exodus is that he encouraged the Pandits to leave the Valley and thus gave a communal colour to what was until then a non-religious Kashmiri cause. The events of 19 January 1990 were particularly vicious. China is drawing lessons from Russias invasion of Ukraine. Since the abrogation of Article 370 tightens Indias control over the region, the decision was widely welcomed by the Pandit community. The KPSS has placed the number of Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399, the majority during 1989-90. [29], According to a number of authors, approximately 100,000 of the total Kashmiri Pandit population of 140,000 left the valley during the 1990s. The flight continued until 2000. The truth, many commentators have concluded, may have been somewhere in the middle. News. Jammu and Kashmir being the only Muslim majority state in whole of India, the protection of minorities and their living peacefully, in their homeland, is crucial for India to remain as a Secular Democratic State. And anti-India sentiments were running strong estimates by 1990, there would have been lost Muslims to make feel! Valley since the Pandit refugees still live in refugee camps with spiralling health and economic problems Kashmirs closer with! Engineering, which disillusioned many Kashmiri youth, became a watershed event Kashmir., a total of 1,800 Kashmiri Pandit migration News updates from India and around the world failed... The decades since the Pandit exodus, Kashmir has seen immense bloodshed on --! 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