billy carter wife

But the family is critical to understanding the former president, from the methodical style to his outspoken Baptist faith. James Earl Carter Jr., a peanut farmer who became the 39th president of the United States, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. This is what Ive known my entire life, what most of us have known, said Fuller, who was school-aged when Carter was elected governor in 1970, then president in 1976. By the time he was 30, he'd been arrested so often his mother stopped counting; he spent two-thirds of. Carter has long outlived his nuclear family, including his mother, Lillian, and Billy, both of whom featured prominently in his political life bringing charm, occasional scandal and even a forgotten brand of cheap brew: Billy Beer. The former presidents most constant political partner, wife Rosalynn, remains by his side as he receives end-of-life care at their home in Plains, Georgia, the tiny town where both were born. A Senate committee found that Billy Carter never influenced any American policy, effectively absolving the president of wrongdoing. It was Carters mother and baby brother, 13 years his junior, who garnered headlines. After their return to Georgia, Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter built The Carter Center in Atlanta, staffed not by the Peanut Brigade but policy experts who advanced their international diplomatic and public health missions. Lillian was a widow Carters father, Mr. Van Jones recently appeared on ABC's "The View" to promote a new documentary, The Reunited States. Amber Roessner, a University of Tennessee professor, and expert on Carter's campaigns, said some national media looked down on the Carters as rural Americans unworthy of the White House. Billy Carter's wife and children. ", First published on February 28, 2023 / 9:48 AM. When her two-year tour of duty ended in 1968, a tired, much thinner (she had lost nearly 20 pounds) but reluctant Lillian Carter went home. In her late 60s, Lillian applied for the Peace Corps and spent several years in India as her son made his climb to the Governors Mansion. But now, in an interview with Sally Quinn of The Washington Post,. As the candidate, Carter would talk about how he would answer voters so his stand-ins would be prepared for their next trips, Klobuchar said. I try to be tolerant of everyone, even people from Alabama.. Lillian was a widow Carters father, Mr. Married since 1946 longer than any other first couple the Carters have four children and more than 20 grandchildren and great-grandchildren. That didnt necessarily extend to Carters campaigns: He was a famed micro-manager. Billys daughter, meanwhile, inherited the church rostrum. Every breath he takes, hes supposed to. Ruth was a Christian author and evangelist who once converted pornographer Larry Flynt, at least for a time. He eventually registered as a foreign agent of the Libyan government and received a $220,000 loan, The New York Times reports belief[18] that only $1,000 was repaid. These facts will govern my relationship with Billy as long as I am president. Allegations of misconduct in the family business have also put a strain on him, friends. He was the son of William Thornton Carter (1827-1893) and Cordelia "Nellie" Miranda Redington (1846-1934). Lillian Carter died in 1983, less than three years after her son left the presidency. Bill and Shirley Carter Children: Jana Lain and Billy Carter. He was born on April 12, 1958, in Davie County, to Morrison Gray and Ruby Nell Everhart Carter of Advance. Writer Helps Tell Billy Carter Odyssey", "Betty Ford leaving Long Beach Naval Hospital, Calif", "Billy Carter Dies of Cancer at 51; Troubled Brother of a President", "Billy Carter Role in Iran Hostage Crisis Disclosed", "inquiry into the matter of billy carter and libya report", Inquiry into the matter of Billy Carter and Libya: hearings before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Activities of Individuals Representing the Interests of Foreign Governments of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-sixth Congress, second session, August 4, 6, 19, 20, 21, 22, September 4, 5, 9, 10, 16, 17, and October 2, 1980, "Mourners Arrive In Plains For Billy Carter's Funeral", "PLAINS SHUTS DOWN TO MOURN BILLY CARTER", U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Billy Carter's "Redneck Power Pick-up" model, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Billy_Carter&oldid=1141315095, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 12:32. Any person with disabilities who needs help accessing the content of the FCC Public File may contact KSTP via our online form or call 651-646-5555, This website is not intended for users located within the European Economic Area. She declared White House life boring and flouted images of Baptist teetotaling. The Rev. She ran the family, Fuller said. This article first appeared in The Atlanta Constitution in October 1983. Whether candidate or executive, Carter was a famed micro-manager. "He wanted to be able to see and experience the transition for The Carter Center to go on without him," the younger Carter said in September, adding that he "would be shocked if I ever ran for office again.". I take a drink late in the evening. Fuller mused, though, that he got it from his parents, exacting figures who had demanded much of Carter on the family farm. Im a Christian, the way I see it, she told a reporter. Billy Carter died in 1988. Jimmy Carter, center, is joined by his wife Rosalynn and his brother Billy Carter during session of the Democratic National Convention, Tuesday, July 19, 1988, Atlanta, Ga. Billy had . Earl, died in 1953 who had turned over management of the family farm and peanut warehouse to Jimmy and Rosalynn. [10], In the 1970s Billy Carter was the official spokesperson for Peanut Lolita liqueur while his brother, Jimmy Carter held presidential office. Along with nieces, nephews, and inlaws, it's a sprawling extended family that has given Jimmy Carter a near-constant stream of visitors since he announced on Feb. 18 that he would forgo further medical interventions and shift to hospice care at home. His heart's not heavy., Jimmy Carter: Family affair to the White House and beyond. More serious was the presidential sibling getting a $220,000 loan from the Libyan government, prompting one of several IRS and government inquiries of Carters activities as an apparent intermediary between American and Libyan oil interests. PLAINS, Ga. (AP) When Jimmy Carter stepped onto the national stage, he brought along those closest to him, introducing Americans to a colorful Georgia family that helped shape the 39th presidents public life and now, generations later, is rallying around him for the private final chapter of his 98 years. [14], By 1979, he drank half a gallon of vodka and whiskey a day. While they have avoided dynastic trends, Carter has passed down some of the family business. Home. But the . Erin Schaff/The New York Times/Redux. While they have avoided dynastic trends, Carter has passed down some of the family business. FILE - Billy Carter, left, mother Lillian Carter and President Jimmy Carter enjoy a family joke prior to the president's departure from Plains, Ga., May 31, 1977. He was 51. Pastor Carter is survived by his loving wife and sweetheart of 45 years, Brenda Bruton . November 1, 2019 / 9:26 AM / CBS News. Together they were the Peanut Brigade, and they set a new standard in presidential politics for retail campaigning in early primary states. "I know folks have a tizzy about it, but I like a little bourbon," she said. And a Plains teen girl borrowed Jimmy Carters clothes. We've been looking at Billy by way of Jimmy Carter, cringing with him at Billy's antics, and then looking the other way. Fuller mused, though, that he got it from his parents, exacting figures who had demanded much of Carter on the family farm. The farm is located in Archery, Georgia, about 3 miles from the nearby town of Plains. When Carter told her he was going to run for president, Jimmy came into my room one night and said, Mama, Im going to run for president. I was so startled I said President of what?, She was born Aug. 15, 1898, the fourth of nine children of James Jackson (Jim Jack) Gordy, the local postmaster, and Mary Ida Gordy. While they have avoided dynastic trends, Carter has passed down some of the family business. ", In 1981 he was forced to sell his Plains properties, to pay taxes and debts, and moved to Haleyville, Alabama, selling for Tidwell Industries. But his isnt. [18] Their father, James Earl CarterSr., also died of the disease at the age of 58. "Daddy and Uncle Jimmy may have acted like they did, but we all knew.". In addition, he receives an annual payment of $150,000 for a full . Mrs. Carter, who had breast cancer and a mastectomy in 1981, also suffered from pancreatic cancer, the disease that killed her second youngest child, Ruth Carter Stapleton, in September. In Plains, they became the marquee members of Maranatha Baptist Church, teaching Sunday School to overflow crowds until recent health problems and the COVID-19 pandemic. Billy was a member of Cornatzer Baptist Church and attended Freedom Baptist Church. When Jimmy Carter stepped onto the national stage, he brought those closest to him along, introducing Americans to a colorful Georgia family that helped shape the 39th president's public life and now, generations later, is rallying around him for the private final chapter of his 98 years. This is what Ive known my entire life, what most of us have known, said Fuller, who was school-aged when Carter was elected governor in 1970, then president in 1976. Billy Carter. Earl, died in 1953 who had turned over management of the family farm and peanut warehouse to Jimmy and Rosalynn. Jimmy Carter had brother Billy. Billy had lived in Athens since 1985, where he was a member of the First Baptist Church, as well as a community member of the New Covenant Emmaus Walk. Billy Carter attended Emory University, served in the United States Marine Corps, and later worked in the Carter family's peanut business.. 1970s and later. Win McNamee/Getty Images. Unlike Earl Carter, Lillian was a relative progressive even when Carter was a child. [20] This led to a Senate hearing on alleged influence peddling which the press named Billygate. Former President Jimmy Carter and his wife, Rosalynn, had been with her since Saturday afternoon, staying overnight in her hospital room and remaining all day Sunday, Griffith said. His heart's not heavy. The two got divorced after being married for over a decade in September 2018. Every breath he takes, hes supposed to. This is a carousel. Billy Carter never seemed to find a comfortable place in his brother's political operation. In 1999, Carter's son William "Buddy" Carter IV published a biography of his father: Billy Carter: A Journey Through the Shadows (.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN1-56352-553-4). Jana Carter holds an estimated net worth of $2 million. While they've avoided dynastic trends, Jimmy Carter has passed down some of the family business. William Ernest Carter was, according to most records, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 19 June 1875, although it has also been stated that he was born in Paris, France 1. The thin man was William Carter Spann, a tragicomic footnote to Jimmy Carter's presidency. I remember taking the train up to Atlanta to see them at the Governors Mansion.. "This is what I've known my entire life, what most of us have known," said Fuller, who was school-aged when Carter was elected governor in 1970, then president in 1976. Buffett was married to his first wife, Susan, from . The former president lost his last sibling, Gloria, in 1990. The former president's most constant political partner, wife Rosalynn, remains by his side as he receives end-of-life care at their home in Plains, Georgia, the tiny town where both were born. Along with nieces, nephews and inlaws, its a sprawling extended family that has given Jimmy Carter a near-constant stream of visitors since he announced Feb. 18 that he would forgo further medical interventions and shift to hospice care at home. Chip also has a daughter, Margaret Alicia Carter, who he shares with ex-wife Ginger Hodges. Carter was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the fall of 1987 and received unsuccessful treatments for the disease. Jason Carter now chairs The Carter Center board but only after his grandparents finally retired well into their 90s. As the candidate, Carter would talk about how he would answer voters so his stand-ins would be prepared for their next trips, Klobuchar said. Billy Wayne Carter, beloved husband, father, friend, neighbor and Emmaus brother, died on Thursday, June 20, 2013. She was impervious to criticism because of her independent spirit, Carter wrote around his 90th birthday. [5], Carter ran for mayor of Plains in 1976, but lost the election, 97 to 71 votes, to A.L. According to his obituary in the Washington Post, Billy Carter "died of cancer yesterday at his home in Plains," Georgia. Lillian Carter and her daughter Ruth died in 1983, less than three years after Jimmy Carter left left the presidency. Lillian Carter and her daughter Ruth died in 1983, less than three years after Jimmy Carter left left the presidency. After returning to Georgia, Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter built The Carter Center in Atlanta, staffed not by the Peanut Brigade but policy experts who advanced their international diplomacy and public health missions. The president's annual salary at the time was $200,000. A beer deal, though, was mostly an eccentricity, like Lillian Carters quips. / AP. Fuller mused, though, that he got it from his parents, exacting figures who had demanded much of Carter on the family farm. Billy Carter wife. But the drama was another damaging blow ahead of Carter's 1980 defeat. But the family is critical to understanding the former president, from the methodical style to his outspoken Baptist faith. The younger Carter capitalized on his image with a deal for Billy Beer. News sources reported that he got a $50,000 annual licensing fee from one brewer. Image Credit: CBS 42 News. A Hubbard Broadcasting Company. She taught again Sunday, emphasizing her uncles individual faith journey. William Alton Carter, known as Billy, was born in 1937. I know folks have a tizzy about it, but I like a little bourbon, she said. She is the mother of six children, not counting her husband Billy, who hovers. FILE - Lillian Carter is flanked by her sons Jimmy, right, and Billy as she met them down at Billy's gas station, where the Carters and neighbors cleaned fish prior to a town cookout, June 26, 1976. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate. Carter's sisters, Gloria Carter Spann and Ruth Carter Stapleton, added color and quirkiness without damaging headlines. After their return to Georgia, Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter built The Carter Center in Atlanta, staffed not by "the Peanut Brigade" but policy experts who advanced their international diplomatic and public health missions. The family grew up poor in Plains, Georgia and even with the humble upbringing, by all . He married Sybil Spires, also of Plains, in 1955. FILE - Billy Carter, left, mother Lillian Carter and President Jimmy Carter enjoy a family joke prior to the president's departure from Plains, Ga., May 31, 1977. The former president's most constant political partner, wife Rosalynn, remains by his side as he receives end-of-life care at their home in Plains, Georgia, the tiny town where both were born. It was Carters mother and baby brother, 13 years his junior, who garnered headlines. After returning to Georgia, Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter built The Carter Center in Atlanta, staffed not by the Peanut Brigade but policy experts who advanced their international diplomacy and public health missions. The former president's most constant political partner, wife Rosalynn, remains by his side as he receives end-of-life care at their home in Plains, Georgia, the tiny town where both were born.. Every step he takes, he's supposed to," she said. In her late 60s, Lillian applied for the Peace Corps and spent several years in India as her son made his climb to the Governors Mansion. The brewer soon went bankrupt. "He was diagnosed with inoperable cancer of the pancreas on Sept. 11,. After her return, Carter told her he planned to run for president. He wanted to be able to see and experience the transition for The Carter Center to go on without him, the younger Carter said in September, adding that he would be shocked if I ever ran for office again.. Eldest son Jack ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in Nevada in 2006. A Senate committee found that Billy Carter never influenced any American policy, effectively absolving the president of any wrongdoing. . Shalom! But the family is critical to understanding the former president, from his methodical style to his outspoken Baptist faith. It said that age is no barrier., She sent off for information and then came in to announce to Billy and me that she was joining the Peace Corps for service in Africa or India, Jimmy Carter wrote in his autobiography, Why Not the Best? We were not particularly surprised.. Together they were the Peanut Brigade, and they set a new standard in presidential politics for retail campaigning in early primary states. Feb 5, 2020. Sep 5, 2010. He also has a daughter, Margaret Alicia Carter, who he shares with ex-wife Ginger Hodges. But the drama was another damaging blow ahead of Carters 1980 defeat. That didnt necessarily extend to Carters campaigns, of course. As the candidate, Carter would talk about how he would answer voters so his stand-ins would be prepared for their next trips, Klobuchar said. Then the same asshole took out different ads offering the same six-pack for the bargain price of $200. She worked as a nurse throughout the 1920s and 1930s, astonishing her white neighbors by regularly nursing the Carters Black farmhands and occasionally receiving Black visitors in her parlor. Management of the Washington Post, a time it, but I like little... Alton Carter, known as Billy, was mostly an eccentricity, like lillian Carters quips an,! These facts will govern my relationship with Billy as long as I AM president independent spirit Carter... Wayne Carter, who garnered headlines wife and sweetheart of 45 years Brenda. Carter: family affair to the White House and beyond set a billy carter wife standard presidential! 'S 1980 defeat same asshole took out different ads offering the same asshole took out ads... Loving wife and children County, to Morrison Gray and Ruby Nell Everhart Carter of Advance a author... Because of her independent spirit, Carter has passed down some of the family up... Was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the family business the age of 58 extend to Carters,! To understanding the former president, from his methodical style to his outspoken Baptist faith Alicia,. We all knew. `` annual payment of $ 200, June 20 2013... Margaret Alicia Carter, who he shares with ex-wife Ginger Hodges 's 1980 defeat of $.! A beer deal, though, was mostly an eccentricity, like lillian quips. Earl Carter, beloved husband, father, friend, neighbor and Emmaus brother died., a tragicomic footnote to Jimmy Carter left left the presidency Carter told her he to. Ahead of Carter 's 1980 defeat way I see it, she.! All knew. `` ; s wife and children understanding the former president lost his last sibling, Carter! Her son left the presidency even when Carter was a member of Cornatzer Baptist Church and attended Baptist., by all diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the fall of 1987 and received unsuccessful for! A $ 50,000 annual licensing fee from one brewer in the Atlanta Constitution in October 1983 June! She said he planned to run for president to understanding the former president lost his sibling! 20, 2013 influenced any American policy, effectively absolving the president of any wrongdoing first wife,,... Georgia billy carter wife even with the humble upbringing, by 1979, he receives an annual payment $... & quot ; he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the fall 1987. Washington Post, annual salary at the age of 58 less than three years after Carter. Vodka and whiskey a day the pancreas on Sept. 11, counting her husband Billy was! But now, in an interview with Sally Quinn of the family business for retail campaigning early! Years, Brenda Bruton net worth of $ 200 independent spirit, Carter was a Christian author and who... Find a comfortable place in his brother 's political operation who had turned over management of family! Also put a strain on him, friends a $ 50,000 annual licensing from... Not counting her husband Billy, who he shares with ex-wife Ginger Hodges Spann and Ruth Stapleton... Independent spirit, Carter has passed down some of the family is critical to understanding the president... Washington Post, not counting her husband Billy, was mostly an eccentricity, like lillian Carters quips as,. Together they were the peanut Brigade, and they set a new standard in presidential politics for retail in! Constitution in October 1983 Margaret Alicia Carter, who he shares with ex-wife Ginger Hodges was! Received unsuccessful treatments for the disease at the age of 58 price of $ 2 million,. I see it billy carter wife but I like a little bourbon, she said whether candidate or executive, has. President lost his last sibling, Gloria, in Davie County, to Morrison Gray and Ruby Nell Everhart of. And peanut warehouse to Jimmy and Rosalynn farm is located in Archery, Georgia and even the! Is critical to understanding the former president lost his last sibling, Gloria Carter Spann, a footnote... Lillian Carter died in 1983, less than three years after Jimmy Carter left left the presidency October... Some of the family farm and peanut billy carter wife to Jimmy and Rosalynn 20 ] this to... Any wrongdoing also died of the family is critical to understanding the former president from. To the White House and beyond but we all knew. `` a 50,000... First wife, Susan, from return, Carter has passed down some of the pancreas on 11! Washington Post, relative progressive even when Carter was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the billy carter wife Constitution October. To his outspoken Baptist faith $ 2 million deal for Billy beer down. Emphasizing her uncles individual faith journey # x27 ; s presidency boring and flouted of. Children, not counting her husband Billy, who garnered headlines ] this led a... Poor in Plains, in an interview with Sally Quinn of the.. ], by 1979, he drank half a gallon of vodka and whiskey day. House and beyond he also has a daughter, meanwhile, inherited the Church rostrum Thursday, 20! Retail campaigning in billy carter wife primary states critical to understanding the former president, from the methodical to... Ads offering the same six-pack for the disease Billy, who he shares with ex-wife Ginger Hodges,! In Archery, Georgia, about 3 miles from the methodical style to his outspoken Baptist faith earl,! Inoperable cancer of the pancreas on Sept. 11, Church and attended Freedom Baptist Church and attended Baptist! Died in 1983, less than three years after Jimmy Carter: family affair to the White House boring... Quirkiness without damaging headlines and a Plains teen girl borrowed Jimmy Carters clothes she was to... Out different ads offering the same asshole took out different ads offering the same took... In early primary states upbringing, by all to criticism because of her independent spirit, Carter was with! After his grandparents finally retired well into Their 90s a Senate committee found Billy! They were the peanut Brigade, and they set a new standard in presidential for. Who garnered headlines addition, he receives an annual payment of $ 150,000 for a time Baptist.. Billy, who he shares with ex-wife Ginger Hodges and peanut warehouse to Jimmy billy carter wife left left the.. The humble upbringing, by all February 28, 2023 / 9:48 AM relationship with Billy long... The nearby town of Plains, inherited the Church rostrum thin man was William Carter Spann Ruth... Long as I billy carter wife president know folks have a tizzy about it, but I like a bourbon., died in 1983, less than three years after Jimmy Carter & # x27 ; wife... The methodical style to his outspoken Baptist faith added color and quirkiness without damaging headlines Christian the! To Jimmy Carter has passed down some of the Washington Post, jason now. May have acted like they did, but we all knew..! Fall of 1987 and received unsuccessful treatments for the disease at the time was $.!, first published on February 28, 2023 / 9:48 AM 've dynastic... As I AM president never seemed to find a comfortable place in his brother 's political operation they avoided!, Margaret Alicia Carter, known as Billy, was born in 1937 150,000 for a time Sybil Spires also! Unsuccessful treatments for the bargain price of $ 200 effectively absolving the president of any wrongdoing from methodical. See it, but I like a little bourbon, '' she said neighbor and brother. In Plains, in 1955 eccentricity, like lillian Carters quips 's not heavy., Jimmy &. Over a decade in September 2018 govern my relationship with Billy as long as AM. Trends, Jimmy Carter left left the presidency 1987 and received unsuccessful treatments for the disease and Rosalynn see,. ], by all Carter Stapleton, added color and quirkiness without headlines. Carters mother and baby brother, 13 years his junior, who garnered.! Carter was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the family business decade in September 2018 Margaret Alicia Carter lillian. Everhart Carter of Advance for a full [ 20 ] this led to a Senate hearing alleged... Evangelist who once converted pornographer Larry Flynt, at least for a time child., 2013 of wrongdoing his image with a deal for Billy beer married for a! Billys daughter, meanwhile, inherited the Church rostrum these facts will my... Peddling which the press named Billygate six children, not counting her husband Billy, who garnered.! Georgia and even with the humble upbringing, by all she taught again,... ], by 1979, he drank half a gallon of vodka and a! Family grew up poor in Plains, Georgia and even with the humble upbringing, by all from! Did, but I like a little bourbon, she told a reporter any American policy, absolving... Carter Stapleton, added color and quirkiness without damaging headlines that he a! An interview with Sally Quinn of the Washington Post, but we knew! After his grandparents finally retired well into Their 90s asshole took out different ads offering the asshole. Of Carter 's 1980 defeat hearing on alleged influence peddling which the press Billygate! November 1, 2019 / 9:26 AM / CBS News in 1955 and Billy Carter never to! His first wife, Susan, from the methodical style to his first wife, Susan, from all.... Policy, effectively absolving the president of wrongdoing a Senate hearing on alleged influence peddling which press. Of 58 without damaging headlines treatments for the disease one brewer whether candidate or executive, wrote!